Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan September 2006

PENGGUNAAN BUKU BERGAMBAR TENTANG CARA BETERNAK DOMBA UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KAPASITAS PETANI MISKIN DI DUA DESA TEPI HUTAN DI KECAMATAN UJUNG JAYA, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT

THE USE OF ILLUSTRATED SHEEP REARING HANDBOOK ON POOR FARMERS’ CAPACITY BUILDING IN TWO NEAR FOREST VILLAGES IN UJUNG JAYA SUB-DISTRICT, DISTRICT OF SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA


Amri Jahi


Abstract

Building the capacity of the poor farmers that were living in two near-forest villages in Ujung Jaya sub-district, District of Sumedang, West Java was one of the activities accomplished to help such farmers raise indigenous Garut sheep. These activities included on site farmer training, monthly farmer meeting, supervision and other backstopping supports. These support services were provided before and after the sheep provision to the cooperating farmers. In this training, copies of an illustrated sheep raising manual covering several aspects of sheep rearing from feeding to marketing were tested with the participating farmers and were later given to them as reading materials. In this conjunction, two farmer groups from Palasari and Sukamulya villages were involved in the training sessions. At the opening session, the two farmer groups were tested to determine their prior knowledge about sheep rearing. After the pretetst, all participating farmers were individually given a copy of the sheep raising manual and was asked to read the manual for about 25 minutes. Next, they were asked to close the books and were given posttests. The results pointed out that the participating farmers improved their knowledge about sheep raising, though statistically not significant. Other tests accomplished on the data obtained, showed that the participating farmers’ education correlated positively with their knowledge gains regarding sheep raising; whereas their ages and number of years since graduation correlated negatively with their knowledge gains about sheep raising.

Key words: Ilustrated manual, sheep raising, capacity building, poor farmers,
Garut sheep, near forest village.



PENGARUH BAHASA BOOKLET PADA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH TENTANG INSEMINASI BUATAN DI KELURAHAN NONGKOSAWIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI,KOTA SEMARANG

THE EFFECT OF BOOKLET LANGUAGE ON THE DAIRY FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE GAIN ABOUT ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION AT NONGKOSAWIT VILLAGE, GUNUNGPATI DISTRICT, CITY OF SEMARANG

Sriroso Satmoko dan Harini Tri Astuti

Abstract

A research concerning the effect of booklet’s language on the dairy farmers knowledge gain regarding artificial insemination had been accomplished in Nongkosawit Village, Gunung Pati District, City of Semarang on April 3 to June 3, 2004. The objective of the research was to determine whether such an extension booklet language created an effect on the dairy farmers’ knowledge regarding artificial insemination. Fourty dairy farmers were selected purposively for this research. They were divided into two groups, with 20 members each. The first group was exposed to the first version of the booklet written Javanese, and the second group was exposed to the second version of the booklet written in bahasa Indonesia. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data collected. The results pointed out that the effect of the booklets’ languages on the dairy farmers’ knowledge gains about artificial insemination was not significant at alpha equal to 0.05.

Key words: Booklet, Javanese, Bahasa Indonesia.



PERILAKU NELAYAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA BAHARI DI KAWASAN PANTAI LOVINA, BULELENG, BALI

FISHERMEN BEHAVIOR IN MANAGING COASTAL TOURISM IN LOVINA BEACH AT BULELENG, BALI

Siti Amanah dan Hamidah Nayati Utami


Abstract

Fishermen living around the Lovina Beach Tourism Area had other productive activities besides catching fishes. The fishermen living in coastal villages of Lovina offered services such as guides for tourists who were interested in diving, snorkeling, and watching dolphin’s attraction in their habitat. The objectives of the research were to portray the fishermen’s behavior in managing the tourism services and to determine the variables correlated to the fishermen behavior and the tourist satisfaction. The research result showed that the fishermen’s competencies in managing the tourism related activities need improvement, especially in the management of coastal resources and services. Furthermore, all of the fishermen’ variables, whether personal characteristics or external factors, were positively and significantly correlated with their coastal tourism management behavior and the tourists satisfaction. It was recommended that along with the purposes of promoting tourism and the fishermen quality of life, learning programs that were developed based upon the fishermen’s problems and needs were required. The programs could include hospitality training, eco-tourism, and tourism management. Additionally, coordination amongst the fishermen groups, local government, non government organization, and private sector involved in these activities was needed to improve the performance of the tourism service.

Key words: behavior, fishermen, eco-tourism.



PEMBINAAN WANITA PENGOLAH IKAN ASIN DI PESISIR MUARA ANGKE JAKARTA UTARA

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THAT PROCESSED SALTY FISH AT MUARA ANGKE, NORTH OF JAKARTA

Nayu Nurmalia dan Richard W.E. Lumintang



Abstract

Women who were involved in processing salty fish at Muara Angke, north of Jakarta, had significant contribution to their salty fish business. So far, they had never been involved in any empowerment program offered either by government institution or by non government organization. Men were mostly involved in such empowerment activities. In this conjunction, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the skills of the women involved in salty fish processing, (2) to identify both the internal and external factors related to the women’s skills in processing salty fish, and (3) to determine the relationship intensity of the women’ skills in salty fish processing and their productivity in processing such fish. The findings of the study were: the women productivity in salty fish processing was significantly related to their skills in getting qualified fresh fish, in processing and drying salty fish, in book keeping and accounting, and in getting information on marketing system.

Key words: Salty fish, Empowerment, Market system.





KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN SEVERAL DISTRICTS IN WEST JAVA


Ani Leilani dan Amri Jahi


Abstract

A research on the relationship of several selected characteristics of Agricultural Extension Agents and their performance had been conducted in July through September 2005. The Objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the distribution of Agricultural Extension Agents on several selected characteristics, 2) to identify the performance of Agricultural Extension Agents based on their official main duty, and 3) to determine the extent of relationships between the agricultural extension agents’ characteristics and their performance. One hundred Agricultural Extension Agent respondents were selected randomly to meet the objectives. The respondents were from Bogor, Sukabumi, Bekasi, Majalengka, and Subang districts. A closed end questionnaire was developed to gather needed data. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively. Kendall W Concordance procedure was used to determine the extents of relationship among agents’ characteristics and their perceived performance. The research results showed that: (1) some of the agents’ characteristics were correlated significantly with their performance, (2) the agents’ performance in accomplishing their official duties was mostly good, (3) the official duties that they considered as important was Extension Program Development, (4) while the ones that they considered as less important was professional development, evaluation, reporting their monthly duty, and preparing extension materials.

Key word: Performance, Agricultural Extension Agent, Main duty.




FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PARTISIPASI KONTAKTANI DALAM PERENCANAAN
PROGRAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN
(Kasus WKUPP Nyalindung, Kabupaten Sukabumi)

FACTORS RELATED TO CONTACT FARMER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAM PLANNING
(Case of Rural Extension Center at Nyalindung, Sukabumi)


Herawati dan Ismail Pulungan


Abstract

The main objective of this research was to determine the extent of contact-farmer participation in agricultural extension program planning i.e., in collecting data, in compiling the data collected, in attending meeting, in discussing and in giving suggestions, and in authenticating the program and activities that followed. To meet this objective, 30 contact-farmers registered in the Contact-Farmer Association (Gapoktan) in Rural Extension Unit at Nyalindung Subdistrict, District of Sukabumi were interviewed. The research results showed that both the contact-farmers’ internal and external factors were highly correlated with their participation in planning Agricultural Extension program and activities.

Key words: Participation, Contact-farmer, Extension Program



FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PROSES BELAJAR DAN TINGKAT KECAKAPAN HIDUP REMAJA
(Kasus Pengrajin Sandal Desa Cikaret Kecamatan Bogor Selatan)


FACTORS RELATED TO THE ADOLESCENCE’S LIFE SKILLS
(Case of Sandal Producers at Cikaret Village, South Bogor Sub-District)

Miskat Ramdhani dan Sumardjo

Abstract

The objectives of this research were: (1) to study the relationship between learning process, adolescence characteristics, family roles, and environment, (2) to study the relationship between the youths’ life skill level and their learning process. The research took place at Cikaret Village, South Bogor Sub-District. Sixty 60 respondents were involved. Data was gathered on September-November 2005, by interview and observation. Quantitative data were analyzed by Spearman-Rank correlation procedure. In this research, the youth’s life skills were correlated to their characteristic, to their family role, to their environment and learning process. Some important results of this research are: ( 1) the life skills were correlated with the learning process within the conditions of learning and the experimental learning, ( 2) the learning process of the adolescence were related to the family role, the environment role and the adolescence’s characteristics, and ( 3) improvement of the quality of the adolescence’s life skills were needed together with effort to increase their quality of life, including their family, environment and learning process.

Key words: Life skills, Adolescence, Characteristic, Family role, Environment
role, Learning process.


Agustina

Read More

Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi Maret 2006

STRATEGI PENATAAN KAWASAN PETERNAKAN DI KABUPATEN BLITAR

(THE ZONING OF LIVESTOCK AREA STRATEGY IN DISTRICT OF BLITAR )

Eliezer Ginting


Abstract
The research result shows that the zoning of KINAK is based on the critical and even less productive field for planting. Furthermore, several factors have significant effect on KINAK arrangement social norm system of the local society as well as general and specific layout plant of Blitar regency. The effort of matching KINAK with the availability of potential circumstance and transportation bring about advantages to marketing crops and climate. There has been no change in location enterprise policy. There were two types of work patterns in terms of social-economy such as horizontal and vertical. Horizontally, the work pattern was created among farmers. Vertically the work pattern was built in such a way that farmers have relation to some local poultry shop and Extension Service who are regarded as technical assistant. In addition to it consequence, the arrangement of KINAK has both increased the number of farmer and poultries being raised, and exceded social stratification that is regarded as social honor by people around KINAK.

Key Words: KINAK, social norm, social stratification, social honor.







FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN PETANI DALAM MENGELOLA LAHAN MARJINAL
(Kasus di Desa Karangmaja, Kecamatan Karanggayam, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah)

Tanti Kustiari, Djoko Susanto, Sumardjo dan Ismail Pulungan


Abstract
The objectives of the study are: (1) To explore the capability of the farmers to carry out land-use of marginal or dry land; (2) To analyse factors which relate to farmers’ capability in managing marginal land. The study was carried out in Karangmaja village, sub District of Karanggayam, the District of Kebumen Central Java. As many 100 farmers were selected by proportion random sampling as respondents. Data were analyzed using Rank Spearman non parametric method. Important results show that the capability of the farmers to manage marginal land is categorized as sedentary. Internal factors such as: motivation and participation of the farmers to joint farmers’ group, interaction which information sources and dependency on land have significant correlation to the capability of the farmers to manage marginal land.
Key Words: marginal land, capability, dependency







PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA SUPM KOTA TEGAL (JAWA TENGAH) MELALUI PENYEBARAN INFORMASI TENTANG TRANSPORTASI UDANG HIDUP SISTEM KERING MENGGUNAKAN
MEDIA FILM BINGKAI BERSUARA

(IMPROVEMENT OF SUPM STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DISSEMINATION OF DRAY TRANSPORT OF LIVE SHRIMP USING SOUND SLIDE SHOW)

Mei Dwi Erlina dan Nendah Kurniasari


Abstrak

This research aims to know influence of dissemination of picture form, influence of music type attendant of frame film narasi voice, and influence of interaction music type attendant of narasi and dissemination of form draw to improve knowledge of target. Sample determined by purposive to 117 student of SUPM Tegal Central Java with clauses have never followed shrimp transportation technique subject live dry system. This research is quasi exsperimental with factorial device 2x2. Free variable compose from 1) Type music factor attendant of narasi two-level that is populer music and dangdut 2) Factor presentation of picture of comparison of foto frame amount: line picture = 75 : 25% and comparison of photo frames amount : line picture = 25 : 75%. Not free variable are the make-up of knowledge of student. Result of research indicate that 1) Usage of pop music as attendant of narasi in presentation of frame film voice more effective to submit information concerning shrimp transportation live dry system to student of SUPM Tegal; 2) Make-up of knowledge of student of SUPM do not influence by difference of presentation of form draw in frame film displaying voice; 3) frame film voice with comparison of photo picture frames amount : line picture = 75 : 25% and accompanied pop music (MPGF) is treated group of combination which most effective in disseminating innovation of transportation of life shrimp dry system. The respondents of sound film frame of MPGT get the biggest score in increasing knowledge compared to the respondents of treated sound film frame of MPGG, MDGF and MDGG;. 4) Sound film frame can be used to disseminate and enhance of diffusion of innovation on transportation of life shrimp dry system, especially to the SUPM students and the people at large.

Key Words: Dissemination, quasi experimental, shrimp.









HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI KERJA DENGAN PERILAKU NELAYAN PADA USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP

(RELATIONSHIP OF MAKING MOTIVATION THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FISHERMAN)

Helena Tatcher Pakpahan, Richard W. E. Lumintang, dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract
Community of fishermen is one of social segments who considered as having daily life worse than other social segments, such as farmers, factory labourers, etc. Certain efforts can be done to improve the level of life of the fishermen, i.e to increase their production of fish. The way which can be done is by improving the unit of productive assets so that it can increase motivation of the fishermen for better behavior. Recently fishermen are not able to go out from their miserable socio economic situation, mainly due to (a) bargaining position weakness, (b) lacking of capital, (c) low level of knowledge and skill, (d) lacking of supervision, (e) no guarantee of promising market. Based on those evidence it is worth to study the relationship between fishermen motivation and their behavior to increase production of fish.

Key Words: fishermen, behavior.







PERSEPSI PETANI TENTANG KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS SAYURAN
( Kasus Petani Sayuran Peserta Program Kawasan Agropolitan Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur )


(FARMER’S PERCEPTION ABOUT REGIONAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON
VEGETABLES AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
( Case of Vegetable Farmers whoParticipate in Agropolitan Area Program, Sindang Jaya Village, CipanasSubDistrict, District of Cianjur)

Awaludin Sofwanto, Basita Ginting Sugihen, dan Djoko Susanto

Abstract
The regional government policies on vegetables agribusiness development is carried out through agropolitan area development program. The aims of this study are : (1) To get informations on perception of vegetables farmer’s towards the regional government policies in the efforts of vegetables agribusiness development, (2) To get informations on the vegetables farmer’s efforts to increase vegetables agribusiness through agropolitan area development program, and (3) To analyze the correlation of farmer’s perception towards the regional government policies in the efforts of vegetables agribusiness development with the farmer’s efforts to increase vegetables agribusiness. The method of this study is using descriptive correlation. Some important results of this study are : (1) The vegetables farmer’s perception towards the regional government policies in the efforts of vegetables agribusiness development is high, (2) Vegetables farmer’s effort to increase vegetables agribusiness is high, and (3) There is significant correlation between vegetables farmer’s perception and the efforts of the vegetables farmer’s to increase vegetables agribusiness, such as : partnership with the entrepreneurs, on-farm management, and marketing management. The supporting sub-system merit such as : the micro financial institutions, agricultural education and training, agricultural extention, faciliting of regional governments to provide market places at main market in Jakarta should be increased.
Keyword : agribusiness, agropolitan, perception, policies.










DINAMIKA PETANI DALAM BERAGRIBISNIS SALAK
(Kasus di Kabupaten Karangasem Provinsi Bali)

FARMER’S DYNAMIC IN SALAK AGRIBUSINESS
(CASE OF KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI PROVINCE)

I Gede Setiawan Adi Putra, Pang S. Asngari, dan
Prabowo Tjitropranoto

Abstract
Bali salak is germ plasm of Balinese salak which has good potency for economic development, but not been handled to the seriously agribusiness system. The objectives of this research: (1) to describe internal factors of salak agribusiness farmers, (2) ) to describe external factors of salak agribusiness farmer, and (3) to analyze the relationship among internal and external factors and farmer’s dynamic in agribusiness of salak. This research used descriptive correlation method. The result of this research showed that factors, which influence the farmer’s dynamic in salak agribusiness, were: (1) internal factors are in low and middle category, (2) external factors are in middle and high category, and (3) internal and external factors had relationship with the farmer’s dynamic in agribusiness of salak.


Key Word: farmer’s dynamic, agribusiness







PEMBERDAYAAN PEJABAT STRUKTURAL KEPEGAWAIAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA
YANG BERMUTU:
Kasus dalam Bidang Kepegawaian di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Provinsi DI Yogyakarta


EMPOWERMENT OF PERSONNELS OF GOVERNMENT STRUCTURAL OFFICIALS (PSOG) TO IMPROVE THEIR PRODUCTIVITY:
A Case of Civil Service Management in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta Provinces

Djoko Sutrisno, Sumardjo, Pang S. Asngari, Soedijanto Padmowihardjo,
dan Prabowo Tjitropranoto
Abstrak
The civil service management was changed of paradigm to some extent, that is appointment of the personnel of government structural officials (PSOG) is carried out based on profesionalisme principle. Although in implementation, work achievement of the personnel of goverment structural officials (PSOG) indicate is still unsatisfying. This research objectives are: (1) to evaluate the level of empowerment, internal characteristics of organization, motivation, and competency of PSOG; (2) to decide the determinant factors that influence the empowerment, competence, and motivation of PSOG; (3) to formulate the model to increase competency of the personnel of government structural officials (PSOG). Location of the research are in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakartaof which 14 government offices were selected as study sites From the analysis of data obtained the scores as follow: (1) Level of empowerment, attitudes, motivation, and competency with category good. Level of non formal education (seminar, discussion and workshop) and organization technology with category good. Level of works experience with category not good; (2) The factors of non formal education (seminar, discussion and workshop), attitudes and organization technology is significantly influence the empowerment of PSOG; (3) The factors of empowerment and motivation of PSOG significantly influence competency; (4) The factor of empowerment of PSOG is significantly influence the motivation of PSOG.

Key Word: empowerment, internal characteristics, organization, motivation, and
competency.




Agustina

Read More

Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi September 2005

KOMPETENSI PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI TUJUH KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT

(THE COMPETENCIES OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS WORKING IN SEVEN SUB-DISTRICTS IN THE DISTRICT OF BEKASI,WEST JAVA)

Ridwan Kurniawan dan Amri Jahi


Abstract
Agricultural Extension agents must acquire certain competencies so as to perform well in doing their jobs. Competencies were the combination of knowledge, skills and abilities. Competencies both had intellectual as well as practical dimensions that were served as the bases of the agents’ professional expertise, especially in promoting their clientele well being. As knowledge, technology and work environment changed, the Agricultural agents should also adjust their competencies. In this conjunction, the Agricultural agents’ working environment in the seven sub-districts in the district of Bekasi had tremendously changed in the last thirty years. A vast area of well-irrigated rice fields had been converted into industrial as well as urban estates. This in turn created a lot of small and land less farmers who no longer practice rice cultivation as before. Consequently, the agents’ client profiles were subsequently changed as well. The research question then, “What were the Agricultural Agents’ needed competencies so as to serve these people well?” To address this question, a descriptive study was implemented in those sub-districts. Twenty-six Agricultural Agents were interviewed. The obtained results pointed out that the agents perceived that: (1) Extension Program Development, (2) Promotion of Farmers’ Participation, (3) Conducting Education for Farmers, (4) Organizing Farmers, (5) Agricultural Information, (6) Socio-economic aspects of Agriculture, (7) Agricultural Subject Matter, and (8) Communication, as the competencies that they needed.

Key Words: Competencies, Agricultural Extension Agents, District of Bekasi,
Agricultural Area, Industrial Estates.






BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DIAKUINYA SESEORANG SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN OPINI DAN MANFAATNYA UNTUK KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN

Abdul Hanan, Ismail Pulungan dan Richard W.E Lumintang

Abstract

Opinion Leader at a certain areas, highly contributes to diffusion and adoption process, and has certain effect to social system whether the farmers rejected or accepted to a innovation. The research identified existence and function of Opinion Leader in an areas and analyzed correlated factors of recognition of Opinion Leader. Respondent were farmers of Floating Net Fish Culture at Coklat Area, Cirata Dam, District of Cianjur, West Java Province. The survey conducted since February until May 2005.The result showed that the farmers population, there were eight persons who considered by the respondents as sources of innovation and opinion. Futhermore internal characteristic had a positive value correlation among factors toward recognition level of Opinion Leader, but external characteristic showed negative correlation. Specially, the function of Opinion Leader those were strong correlation toward recognition farmers level to Opinion Leader.

Key words: Opinion leader






PERSEPSI PEMANDU/PETANDU TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK IPPHTI, JAWA BARAT

Cliffton R. Bonzo, Amri Jahi, dan
Rama B. Radhakrishna

Abstrak

IPPHTI (Ikatan Petani Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Indonesia) nasional berawal dari kegiatan-kegiatan terkait dengan Sekolah Lapangan (SL). Tujuan studi ini adalah meneliti persepsi pemandu/petandu IPPHTI berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kelompok IPPHTI, Jawa Barat. Profil demografik dari survei menunjukkan mayoritas laki-laki (partisipasi wanita 30%), bersuku Sunda, berpendidikan SD dan telah menamatkan SL. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kelompok IPPHTI adalah tersedianya sumberdaya manusia (SDM) dan adanya jaringan organisasi-organisasi. Kategori ilmu dan pengetahuan membuktikan ada kaitan dengan keinginan tahu dan hak-hak asasi manusia khususnya hak milik tanah. Jenis kelaminan, kesukuan, status kepemimpinan, dan penggarapan atas tanah tidak membuktikan adanya perbedaan berarti dalam persepsi antara berbagai status pendidikan dan pembentukan IPPHTI. Meskipun demikian, terdapat perbedaan berarti dalam persepsi antara berbagai status pendidikan dan pembentukan kelompok IPPHTI. Para pemandu/petandu siap berdiskusi dengan pemerintah setempat dan Dinas Pertanian terkait mengenai hasil survei ini. Hasil dari survei, yang dilaksanakan April 2004, sudah dilaporkan ke responden (IPPHTI, Jawa Barat). Diskusi yang berlangsung meliputi tiga pertanyaan: 1. Mengapa status pendidikan mempengaruhi hasil survei? 2. Apakah dasar dari korelasi antara pengetahuan yang diperoleh dan hak milik tanah? 3. Mengapa SDM lebih bernilai daripada bantuan ekonomi dalam mengembangkan IPPHTI? Pendapat yang muncul dari diskusi-diskusi adalah apabila pelatihan SDM tersedia, maka sumberdaya ekonomi dari pemerintah dan swasta serta penelitian universitas akan lebih baik dimanfaatkan yang dilatih SL. Memperoleh informasi yang secara konkret dapat memperbaiki penghidupan petani selalu menjadi tujuan utama dari IPPHTI.


Kata Kunci: Sekolah Lapangan, Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, Pembentukan
Kelompok.




PERSEPSI ANAK JALANAN TERHADAP BIMBINGAN SOSIAL MELALUI RUMAH SINGGAH DI KOTAMADYA BANDUNG


(PERCEPTION OF STREET CHILDREN TOWARD SOCIAL GUIDANCE IN
OPEN HOUSE PROGRAM AT BANDUNG CITY)


Sr Tjahjorini, Margono Slamet, Pang S. Asngari,
dan Djoko Susanto

Abstract

The street children has become an important phenomenon in urban areas. Most of the children spent their time on the street or in other public areas. Government throught Social Welfare Departement developed an transit house program which providing social guidance fo ther street children, but the budget can not cover all of the children. Many of the children are still on the street that cause them to be out of control and easily trapped in juvenile delinquency. The study tried to understand perception of the children on the social guidance of the transit house program, since there are not enough information about the issue. The study used quantitative and qualitative data and analized in non parametric statistic. Bandung was selected as location of the study since the city is one of cities in Indonesia that has street children problems. Population of the study are street children of 6-18 years old. Stratifield random sampling technique was used to get 60 respondents. The data was collected through interview schedule, field observation and desk study. The research fond that the perception of the respondents toward social guidance program is negative in terms of physical, mentality, social and skill. But, the respondent that involved in the program less or equal to 6 months is better than whose that involved 7-12 months and more than 13 months, especially in terms of mental and skill guidance. Based on the finding, a reorientation of the program is needed throught in form of guidance and councelling package that short in time (less than 6 months), relevance with interest and talent of the children, emphasize on developing the children skill, but still concern with physical, mental and social development.

Keywords: Perception, Street Children, Social Guidance, Open House Program







PEMBERDAYAAN PELADANG BERPINDAH: KASUS KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR, DAN KABUPATEN KUTAI BARAT DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR


Jawatir Pardosi, Pang S. Asngari, Rudy C. Tarumingkeng,
Djoko Susanto, dan Sumarjo

Abstract

Shifting cultivations (SC) who rely on their livelihood of forest resources are empowerless mainly caused by the low quality of human resources an the pressures of the forest resources utilization which covering the cultivation areas by companies. The study was aimed to formulate a model of the empowerment of SC through extension program. The respondents involved we composed of 36 extension agents and 288 shifting cultivators. Data analysis used the descriptive analysis technique such as Chi Square, Rank Spearman, and Path Analysis. The Study results showed ah: (1) factors related o empowering SC through extension that consisted of 13 variables were low; (2) applications of forestry extension in Kutai Katanegara District, East Kutai District, and West Kutai District were not able to empower the SC to realize sustainable forest; (3) the activities needed by SC are he activities, aimed to solved the SC problem, such as (a) he qualified extension about the permanent cultivation, (b) the availability of infrastructure, (c) the insurance for shifting cultivation activities, (d) the availability of specific local technology, (e) production apparatus, (f) production increase, (g) income increase, (h) market, (i) cooperation, (j) capital credit, (k) business development, (l) new business alternative; and (4) the effectively extension model hat might be able to empower the SC is the extension that became their own program and applies (a) a digging finding, and developing science and technology model, (b) interactive/convergent communication, (c) extension substances based on SC need, (d) adult learning process, and (e) community based forest management.

Keywords: extension autonomous, empowerment shifting cultivator, cultivator needs,
indigenous knowledge.







HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PETANI DENGAN KOMPETENSI AGRIBISNIS PADA USAHATANI SAYURAN DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI JAWA TIMUR

Rini Sri Damihartini dan Amri Jahi
Abstrak

Pembangunan agribisnis berawal dari kualitas petani sebagai pelaku utama. Kualitas petani berhubungan dengan karakteristik yaitu: pendidikan formal, luas lahan, pengalaman, motivasi dan modal berusahatani. Petani yang berkualitas merupakan wujud kompetensi yang dimiliki. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengetahui distribusi karakteristik petani; (2) Menganalisa kompetensi agribisnis yang harus dikuasai petani dan (3) Menganalisa hubungan antara karakteristik dengan kompetensi agribisnis petani. Penelitian dirancang sebagai penelitian survey, jumlah responden 50 petani cabai, diambil secara Propotional Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan tiga bulan dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2004. Lokasi penelitian diambil secara purposive sampling. Analisa data dipergunakan uji Konkordasi Kendall W dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian, mayoritas petani berpendidikan formal SMA, memiliki lahan sempit, cukup berpengalaman, motivasi sedang dan memiliki cukup modal. Aspek pengetahuan dalam kompetensi agribisnis memperoleh nilai skor tertimbang rata-rata 75, sikap 3,2 dan ketrampilan 3. Hal ini artinya, petani umumnya menguasai pengetahuan dan ketrampilan agribisnis yang harus dikuasai dan bersikap positif terhadap agribisnis yang diusahakan. Hubungan karakteristik petani dengan kompentensi agribisnis pada umumnya memilki kesepakatan tinggi. Namun, ketiga aspek pengetahan, ketrampilan dan sikap tersebut saling bebas dalam memberikan penilaian berbagai bidang agribisnis. Kesimpulan, masih ada bidang agribisnis baik pengetahuan maupun ketrampilan yang kurang dikuasai petani dan ada beberapa kegiatan penunjang kompetensi agribisnis dianggap kurang penting. Saran penelitian adalah perlu diadakan penyuluhan secara intensif mengenai pengetahuan tentang agribisnis dan pelatihan ketrampilan bagi petani.

Kata Kunci: karakteristik petani, kompetensi, agribisnis






BAGAIMANA RESPON PETANI MISKIN DI DUA DESA TEPI HUTAN, DI KECAMATAN UJUNG JAYA, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG PADA PRESENTASI AUDIO-VISUAL TENTANG CARA MEMBUAT KANDANG DOMBA YANG SEHAT?

Amri Jahi

Abstrak
Menentukan respon para petani kecil, yang miskin, yang berdiam di desa-desa tepi hutan di Kecamatan Ujung Jaya, Kabupaten Sumedang pada presentasi audio-visual tentang cara membuat kandang domba yang sehat, perlu dilakukan. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat guna membantu para petani itu meningkatkan kapasitas mereka dalam mengelola sumberdaya alam di daerah itu. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari aktivitas penyuluhan untuk mengembangkan domba Garut di desa-desa tepi hutan itu. Penyuluhan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumberdaya manusia -- para petani -- agar supaya tahu, mampu dan mau bertindak secara arif dalam mengelola sumberdaya alam ditepi hutan untuk kemaslahatan hidup mereka. Domba ialah ruminansia kecil, yang hidup dari rumput dan daun-daunan yang banyak di daerah tepi hutan. Para petani yang memiliki cukup banyak domba akan memiliki cukup penghasilan, sehingga tidak perlu merambah hutan. Tahap awal beternak domba ialah membuat kandang yang memadai, kokoh dan sehat bagi domba. Kandang menaungi domba dari terpaan hujan, angin dan sengatan matahari. Kandang juga melindungi domba dari serangan predator. Kemudian, kandang menjadi tempat domba berkembang biak. Selanjutnya, pengandangan memudahkan petani memelihara dan merawat ternaknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran para petani tentang pentingnya kandang yang baik, yang terbuat dari bahan-bahan setempat, yang berharga murah, untuk domba mereka. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan para petani itu tentang subyek penyuluhan ini. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, sebuah program audio-visual berupa film slide bersuara didedahkan kepada dua kelompok petani pada saat pelatihan. Para petani itu dites sebelum dan sesudah didedahkan pada film slide bersuara itu. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok petani itu mendapat manfaat dari pendedahan itu. Pengetahuan mereka tentang berbagai aspek kandang domba dan cara membuatnya meningkat, walaupun secara statistik tidak nyata. Demikian juga dengan peningkatan pengetahuan kedua kelompok petani itu, tidak berbeda nyata. Hal ini terjadi karena ada persaingan stimuli audio dan visual dalam pengolahan informasi aural dan visual di benak para petani itu, yang menimbulkan efek saling tidak mengukuhkan. Namun demikian, para petani itu masih reseptif pada informasi tentang kandang domba yang baik, yang dipresentasikan pada mereka.

Kata Kunci: Desa Tepi Hutan, Program Audio-Visual, Strategi Pembelajaran,
Penyuluhan, Kandang Domba, Domba Gaut, Peningkatan Pengetahuan



Agustina

Read More

Jelang 2009

Akhir semester gasal 2008/2009 hampir tiba. Seluruh mahasiswa pasti dihadapkan pada banyak deadline. Deadline yang datang bersamaan biasanya akan menyebabkan stress dan akhirnya berpengaruh pada keragaan secara keseluruhan. Stress itu dapat dikurangi kalau desakan deadline itu bisa dihindari. Beberapa hal berikut ini bisa dilakukan agar terhindar dari stress.
a. Mengerjakan tugas tepat waktu. Ada sebuah pepatah mengatakan "jangan tunggu sampai besok". Pekerjaan yang ditunda sampai besok berarti akan menambah beban.
b. Mengembangkan kelompok diskusi terutama kelompok diskusi yang fokus membahas satu masalah. Bergabung dengan kelompok dapat membuka akses informasi sehingga dapat mengurangi beban individu dan menambah jumlah informasi yang diperoleh.
c. Menjaga kesehatan tubuh lahir dan batin. Kesehatan mutlak diperlukan agar segala aktivitas dapat berjalan dengan baik.

Dengan manajemen diri yang baik, tugas-tugas dapat diselesaikaan tepat waktu tanpa stress berlebihan.Terlebih menjelang akhir tahun. Songsong tahun 2009 dengan manajemen diri baru yang lebih berorientasi pada kualitas.

Read More

Selamat Datang Mahasiswa Baru Mayor PPN SPs IPB

Salam Sejahtera,

Akhir Agustus 2008 ini, Mayor/PS Pascasarjana Ilmu Penyuluhan Pembangunan kembali menerima mahasiswa baru, yakni tiga orang mahasiswa program doktoral dan sebelas orang mahasiswa program S2. Mahasiswa program doktoral: Erwiantono, Tanti Kustiari, dan Bambang Uripno. Mahasiswa program magister: Idha Farida, Dewi Kurniawati, Asih Mulyaningsih, Asmar Hi Daud, Harzon, Sudarko,Indiyah Huditani, Patih Magawanda Gulam, Fauziah Yulia Adriyani, Yusriadi, dan Fatimah Tuharea. Selamat menempuh studi pada program mayor PPN, hanya dengan ketekunan, keterbukaan, kejujuran, solidaritas, dan semangat untuk mengembangkan diri dalam memperdalam dan mengembangkan "ilmu tentang pengembangan perilaku manusia yang bermutu melalui komunikasi yang konvergen dalam sistem pendidikan non formal secara berkesinambungan" maka kami yakin, Bapak/Ibu akan berhasil dalam studi di PPN ini.

Pertemuan antara mahasiswa dengan koordinator - wakil koordinator dan staf penunjang Mayor/PS PPN telah dilangsungkan pada hari Selasa 26 Agustus 2008. Pertemuan diawali dengan perkenalan masing-masing mahasiswa dan pengelola mayor, setelah itu, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan singkat tentang perkuliahan di Mayor PPN. Penyelenggaraan sistem mayor minor untuk program pascasarjana baru dua tahun, dan tentunya dalam penyelenggaraannya senantiasa diperlukan perbaikan-perbaikan. Perbaikan dimaksudkan untuk senantiasa menjamin mutu penyelenggaraan proses pendidikan di Mayor PPN khususnya, dan di IPB pada umumnya. Kurikulum pendidikan di Mayor PPN akan senantiasa dicermati dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan "pelanggan" dan tetap mengedepankan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran orang dewasa dan berorientasi mutu.

Selanjutnya perkuliahan telah dimulai sejak awal September 2008. Untuk meningkatkan silaturahim antara staf pengajar, mahasiswa lama, mahasiswa baru, serta staf penunjang di Mayor/PS PPN, dilakukan acara buka bersama pada tanggal 16 September 2008, bertempat di Pusat Studi Pembangunan Pertanian dan Pedesaan, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Kampus IPB Br Siang. Acara tersebut dihela oleh Mahasiswa PPN dengan Ketua Panita adalah Bp. Moh. Iqbal Bahua, didukung segenap mahasiswa lama dan baru. Pengelola Mayor PPN berperan dalam "hing madya mbangun karsa dan tut wuri handayani, dan mensupport sebagian dana untuk acara tersebut. Acara dibuka oleh Ketua Panitia (Ir. Moh. Iqbal Bahua, MSi), dilanjutkan dengan sambutan oleh Koordinator Mayor (Dr. Ir. Siti Amanah, M.Sc.). Sebagai pencerahan, tausyiah diberikan oleh Bp. Moh. Nur Sangaji, dan ditutup dengan doa oleh Bp. Dr. Ir. Pudji Muljono< M.Si.

Melalui acara informal tersebut antar pihak dapat saling mengenal dan mencoba mengembangkan hubungan antar generasi mahasiswa. Sudah menjadi tradisi di PS PPN, mahasiswa dan didukung staf pengajar sebagai Steering Committee untuk aktif menyelenggarakan acara seminar-lokakarya, halal bi halal, dan kegiatan ilmiah-populer lainnya.

Tanpa komunikasi interaktif, saya yakin sulit untuk mewujudkan proses pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi semua pihak. Pada masa awal semester ini, pasti merupakan masa-masa adaptasi bagi mahasiswa baru. Untuk itu strategi adaptasi terhadap lingkungan baru perlu dikembangkan, dengan kemauan untuk membuka diri dalam belajar, berperilaku yang sesuai dengan norma-norma dan nilai-nilai di IPB, dan mengembangkan sikap disiplin antara lain dalam manajemen diri dan mengelola waktu dengan cermat.

Tak lupa seiring dengan penghujung Ramadhan ini, saya dan segenap pengelola Mayor PPN SPs IPB (home base: Dept. Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, FEMA, IPB) menyampaikan: "Selamat Iedul Fitri 1429 H, Taqabballaahu Minnaa Wa Minkum, Mohon Maaf Lahir dan Batin". Teriring harapan, agar kita dapat menemui Ramadhan di tahun mendatang dengan amalan yang lebih baik lagi. Amin.

Salam,

Siti Amanah

Read More

Menjelang Semester Gasal 2008/2009

Salam sejahtera
Apa kabar CI VA PS/Mayor PPN dimana pun berada? Pada kesempatan ini, izinkan saya menyampaikan selamat pada Mahasiswa yang telah menempuh ujian akhir semester, ujian tesis, dan disertasi. Apa pun hasilnya, itulah pencapaian yang mampu diraih hingga titik itu. Nilai akhir mata kuliah merupakan salah satu ukuran, dan tentu masih banyak lagi ukuran-ukuran yang ada di luar bangku kuliah, termasuk sikap dan perilaku kita. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sikap dan perilaku seseorang sangat menentukan 'diterima - tidaknya seseorang dalam suatu sistem sosial'

Bekaitan dengan hal di atas, penyuluhan mesti dimaknai secara tepat. Masyarakat awam umumnya menyamakan penyuluhan dengan penerangan. Pembicaraan tentang hal ini sebenarnya sudah "old fashioned" karena berkali-kali harus dijelaskan di berbagai forum, bahwa penyuluhan merupakan suatu upaya transformasi perilaku manusia melalui pendekatan pendidikan non formal dan melibatkan proses komunikasi interaktif dan partisipatif untuk turut membantu mewujudkan tata kehidupan manusia yang lebih adil, beradab, dan bermartabat. Bahwa penyuluhan terkesan bermakna pencerahan pun tak perlu dipungkiri, mengingat pada abad ke -18 dahulu, istilah extension digunakan untuk merujuk pada upaya perguruan tinggi untuk turut meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat sekitar, terutama dalam memberantas buta huruf.

Implementasi penyuluhan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemerintah yang berkuasa. Di Indonesia, pada zaman Belanda, penyuluhan diibaratkan obor, yang menyiratkan ada yang diterangi dan ada yang berperan sebagai penerang. Tentu, jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi terkini, pemaknaan semacam ini perlu direkonstruksi lagi. Bahwa pencerahan sangat diperlukan seperti pada kasus penderita ketergantungan obat, namun "penyadaran" merupakan istilah yang lebih tepat, ketimbang hanya pencerahan yang umumnya berlaku di "permukaan". Terdapat beragam pendekatan dalam penyuluhan, dan tentu dapat dipilih pendekatan yang relevan dengan kondisi, situasi, dan permasalahan yang dihadapi komunitas.

Dahulu di tahun 1980-an, teori adopsi inovasi sangat populer, meski menuai kritik dari berbagai pihak, terutama dalam mengkategorikasn para penerap inovasi. Kemudian tahun 1990-an pendekatan People Centred Development sangat mengemuka dan pendekatan ini terintegrasi dalam pendekatan penyuluhan di berbagai negara. Di Indonesia pada masa tersebut 1990-an, sistem LAKU merupakan andalan, dan kemudian berkembang pula SLPHT dst. Kemudian di tahun 2000-an, sejalan dengan gema desentralisasi pemerintahan, penyuluhan terlupakan - karena hasilnya tidak secara instan dinikmati. Pada 11 Juni 2005, saat digaungkan Revitalisasi Pertanian, Perikanan, dan Kehutanan, kita terhenyak, karena penyuluhan hampir di sebagian daerah Indonesia melemah, terutama dari sisi kelembagaan, personil, dan programnya. Masih banyak Pekerjaan Rumah yang harus dituntaskan, hanya dengan tekad, aksi nyata/kemampuan membangun manusia yang handal, kerja sama, kekompakan (dalam hal-hal yang benar tentunya) maka Indonesia bisa kembali berjaya, terutama di sektor primer.

Untuk mahasiswa yang berlibur, untuk diingat bahwa kuliah Semester Gasal 2008/2009 akan dimulai 25 Agustus 2008, silakan merancang rencana belajar yang mantap, agar dapat lulus tepat waktu. Sebagai info awal, rencananya akan diselenggarakan bedah buku tentang rural communication di akhir Agustus oleh Siti Amanah, semoga Mahasiswa PS/Mayor PPN bisa hadir. Tak lupa, selagi di daerah asal, diharap mahasiswa PS PPN agar senantiasa pula mengikuti berita-berita kampus di web site ipb.

Sampai jumpa,

Siti Amanah

Read More

AKHIR SEMESTER GENAP 2007/2008

Salam Sejahtera,

Sudah sebulan lebih blog tidak terisi oleh posting dari pengelola blog. Koordinator Mayor dan pengelola PS PPN lainnya tengah konsentrasi dengan ujian kualifikasi kandidat doktor PS PPN dan penulisan naskah akreditasi PS PPN. Selama bulan Juni telah diselenggarakan tiga agenda penting di PS PPN yaitu: (i) Rapat Staf, (ii) Ujian kualifikasi Mahasiswa PS PPN Program Doktor (dulu disebut Prelim), dan (iii) Dialog Mahasiswa PS/Mayor PPN dan Pengelola PS/Mayor.

Dari ketiga agenda tsb ada beberapa hal yang perlu diinformasikan melalui media blog ini:
(1) Rapat Staf PPN menghasilkan komitmen untuk senantiasa menjaga mutu lulusan PS PPN melalui (a) peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran di keseluruhan proses (Plan - Do - Check - Action), artinya saringan akan dilakukan semenjak mahasiswa melamar-hingga kelulusan, meningkatkan intensitas pembimbingan tugas akhir, dan melakukan evaluasi proses belajar mengajar setiap mata kuliah di akhir perkuliahan tiap semesternya. Buku-buku/literatur mahasiswa dapat diakses selain di LSI (perpustakaan IPB), dapat pula ditelusuri melalui ruang baca di Dep KPM FEMA IPB. Selain itu, disepakati bahwa mahasiswa PPN wajib mengirim artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian ke Jurnal Penyuluhan dan artikel akan melalui proses review oleh Tim Pakar/Review sebelum artikel dimuat. Kepada pembaca blog yang berminat untuk mengirim naskah ilmiah hasil penelitian terkait perilaku manusia, pendidikan non formal, komunikasi pembangunan, dan topik terkait dengan pemberdayaan/pembangunan manusia dapat mengirim naskahnya via email ke: mayorppn@yahoo.com atau mayorpenyuluhan@gmail.com Adapun tata cara penulisan sudah dimuat dalam posting terdahulu di blog ini.

(2) Ujian kualifikasi mahasiswa PS PPN berfokus pada penilaian kandidat doktor akan kesiapan menempuh proses lanjut dalam menempuh pendidikan di PS PPN, sekaligus menilai penguasaan ilmu penyuluhan pembangunan secara holistik termasuk filosofi penyuluhan, aspek teori dan praktek, penguasaan metodologi penelitian, penguasaan materi tentang perencanaan dan evaluasi program penyuluhan, dan kemampuan berpikir secara sistemik, logis dan rasional. Selain hal tersebut, aspek kematangan pribadi (soft skills) juga menjadi indikator penilaian. Berdasarkan penilaian sementara, ada hal-hal yang perlu menjadi fokus perhatian, yakni mahasiswa tetap harus mengembangkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh akan esensi ilmu penyuluhan pembangunan, keunikannya, dan posisinya di dalam dimensi Ilmu Sosial. Hal ini penting untuk dicapai sebagai calon doktor di bidang ilmu penyuluhan pembangunan, terlebih lagi dalam mendalami paradigma penyuluhan yang beragam dari waktu ke waktu berkaitan dengan pola peradaban masyarakat pada masa tertentu.

(3) Dialog mahasiswa PS PPN dengan Pengelola PS/Mayor PPN telah dilaksanakan pada Jumat 27 Juni 2008. Dialog di awal dan akhir semester akan senantiasa menjadi tradisi di PS PPN. Melalui dialog, kedua belah pihak yakni mahasiswa dan pengelola akan memperoleh informasi, masukan, dan saran bagi perbaikan kinerja masing-masing pihak. Mahasiswa memperoleh gambaran tentang hal-hal yang perlu ditempuh, sekaligus berkonsultasi akan persoalan yang dihadapi selama kuliah dan pembimbingan. Pengelola PS memperoleh informasi, keluhan, dan saran bagi perbaikan proses pembelajaran di masa mendatang. Dialog sekaligus membahas rencana ke depan yakni Semester Ganjil 2008/2009. Rencana rutin tiap tahun adalah Silaturahmi antar angkatan dan dalam tahun 2008 ini, mahasiswa angkatan 2007 akan menjadi penyelenggara didukung oleh mahasiswa tahun sebelumnya. Mekanisme demokrasi pun dicoba diterapkan dalam menyusun formatur. Mudah-mudahan dapat menjadi pelajaran hidup yang bermakna bagi mahasiswa PS PPN.

Itu dulu yang dapat saya sampaikan. Tak lupa selamat berlibur, selamat berkumpul dengan keluarga terutama bagi mahasiswa rantau dan selalu "keep in touch," artinya jangan lupa melakukan registrasi, merancang rencana belajar untuk semester depan dst. Sebagai informasi email Sekretariat PPN: mayorppn@yahoo.com

Sampai jumpa,

Siti Amanah
Ka PS/Ko Mayor PS PPN

Read More