Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi Maret 2008

HUBUNGAN KEMANDIRIAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN TEKNIS BEKERJA PEMUDA TANI PEDESAAN

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF RELIANCE AND CAPABILITY OF TECHNICAL WORK OF THE VILLAGE YOUTH

Muksin, Amri Jahi, Margono Slamet, dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract

This research objectives are: (1) to describe characteristics of work autonomy of the farmer youth, (2) to describe technical ability of work, and (3) to analyze relation of work autonomy and technical ability of work. The technique of data collection is using cluster sampling. The number respondent are 251 of youths. The data analysis used descreptive and Chi square analysis. The research results were: The technical ability of farmer youth are lower than youth group that have non agricultural’s job. There are importance to develop Farmer youth technical ability with sistematically process, facilitation and support from the government. Hence, it is suggested to have sound planning and action in agricultural extension program to motivate and enhance the farmer’s youth to get involve in agricultural activities development.

Keyword: Autonomy, Farmer Youth , and technical ability



KAPASITAS PETANI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEBERHASILAN USAHA PERTANIAN: KASUS PETANI SAYURAN DI KABUPATEN PASURUAN DAN KABUPATEN MALANG PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

FARMER’S CAPACITY AND THE SUCCESS OF AGRIBUSINESS: CASE OF VEGETABLE FARMERS IN MALANG AND PASURUAN DISTRICTS IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE

Herman S., Sumardjo, Pang S. Asngari,
Prabowo Tjitropranoto, dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract

Farmer’s capacity is the most important factor in agricultural development based on human resources; high level of farmer’s capacity ensures his success and sustainable of agribusiness. The objectives of the research are: to determine the level of farmer’s capacity and to analyze dominant factors affecting farmer’s capacity. The research was carried out in Malang and Pasuruan Districts which are the centres of vegetables in East Java Province. Data were collected using structured interviews and direct observation. Total sample was consisted of 177 farmers, drawn using a cluster random sampling technique. The results of the research show that: the level of farmer’s capacity is in a lows level, there is significant difference of the level of farmer’s capacity in two locations, The level of farmer’s capacity in Malang district is higher than in Pasuruan District. The characteristics of innovation and formal educational are determinant factors affecting farmer’s capacity. The fasctors have significant indirect effect to the success of agribussiness through farmer’s capacity and self reliance in farming. The results of the research imply that agricultural extension should take into consideration the level of farmer’s educational level, farmer’s capacity and characteristics of innovation in developing programs to disseminate innovation and information.

Keys word: Farmer’s capacity, agribussiness.



KOMPETENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH, KASUS PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG JAWA BARAT

ENTREPRENEURSHIP COMPETENCE OF DAIRY FARMERS: CASE STUDY OF DAIRY FARMERS AT BANDUNG REGENCY-WEST JAVA

Krismiwati Muatip, Basita G. Sugihen,
Djoko Susanto dan Pang S. Asngari


Abstract

The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) to analyze the entrepre-neurship competence level of dairy farmers, (2) to find out factors that influence the entrepreneurship competence, and (3) to formulize a model of extension service for dairy farmers to improve their entrepreneurship competence level. The research study was conducted at Bandung Regency West Java. The respondents were 151 dairy farmers selected randomly; and the data collected using questionnaires and observation. The number of sample was determined based on Slovin’s formula. Statistical analyses used were correlation, regression and path analysis. The major findings of the study are that the entrepreneurship competence levels of the dairy farmers at the medium category. Factors that influence the entrepreneurship competence of the farmers are their education background and the number of family members, lacking of facilities, informations, and the policy of the government. Extension’s strategies for the entrepreneurship competence improvement are through sthrenghtening of non formal education, and more involvement of family members in daily activities, improvement of daily facilities, informations and sthrenghtening government support.

Key words: Entrepreneurship, competence.



FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMPETENSI PETANI RUMPUT LAUT DI KABUPATEN KONAWE
PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

(INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE SEA WEEDS FARMER COMPETENCE IN DISTRIC KONAWE THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH-EAST SULAWESI)

Hartina Batoa, Amri Jahi dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract
The seaweed farmers who are competent indicated by their positive behavior on technical and management of sea weed farming. The objectives of the study are: (1) To find the sea weed farmers characteristics in relation to their competence in sea weed farming management; (2) To find evidence how they practice on sea weed farming; (3) To analyse the relationship between the sea weed farmers characteristics and their competence in sea weed farming. The study was desigred as a descriptive correlation, the data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods same important results are: (1) Majority of the farmers are old age, they have enough experiences in sea weed farming, they have frequently interacted with the extension educator; (2) Most of the farmers have enough competent in: a) Selecting the seeds; b) Harvesting; c) Planting; d) Post harvest management; e) Marketing; and f) Preparation of the farming. There were high significant correlation between age, education, experiences, areal of farming, family dependent members, interaction with the extention educator, and the farmers competencies.

Key word:Sea weed competence, extension educator, marketing, post harvest.



POTENSI MASYARAKAT DAN KELEMBAGAAN LOKAL DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN KELUARGA MISKIN DI PERDESAAN
(STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN BONE)

THE POTENCY OF COMMUNITY AND LOCAL INSTITUTION TO EMPOWER THE POOR FAMILIES AT RURAL AREA CASE STUDY AT BONE

Bustang, Basita G. Sugihen, Margono Slamet, dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract
The aim of the research was intended to formulate the model of poor familiy Empowerement by determining both the level and the influencing factors of social responsibility and level of empowerment. Survey and interview techniques were implemented among 276 selected samples, started Nopember 2006 until April 2007. Data was analyzed by using both correlation and path analysis. The results indicated that a number of respondent had a high social responsibility and medium level of empowerment. The increase of social responsibility and level of empowerment were influenced by implementation of good government of local organization, income, and formal education. This study suggests an alternative model of empowerment in order to social responsibility and level of empowerment.

Key words: Potency, local instituiton, poor family.



ANALISIS USAHATANI JAGUNG PADA LAHAN KERING DI KECAMATAN LIMBOTO KABUPATEN GORONTALO

ANALYSIS OF MAIZE LAND HOLDING AT THE DRY LAND AT LIMBOTO SUB DISTRICT OF GORONTALO DISTRICT

Ikbal Bahua


Abstract

The objectives of this action research are 1) to describe the structure of expenses of the maize farming at dry farming system, 2) to describe the production and farmers earnings at maize dry farming system. Research Method used is survey method, consisted of the survey of primary and secondary data. Variable perceived is maize farmer labouring maize crop to fulfill its requirement, maize farming conducted at dry farming, produce the maize farming, earnings of maize farming, medium produce, and good labour of labour in and also household outdoors labour of doorstep. Intake sampel conducted by purposive summed uply is farmer becoming sampel is 30 people deputize the population of maize farmer of counted 150 people. Result of research of there are ratio difference of between production cost and production rate at maize farming of maize of hibrida and composite maize farming in dry farming with the value R/C ratio more than 1. For the earnings of, farmer planting compared to higher maize hibrida of farmer earnings planting composite maize with the comparison ratio is 2,60.

Key word : Maize farming, production cost, production rate, earnings.


Agustina

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Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi September 2008

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK SANTRI DENGAN PERSEPSI MEREKA TENTANG KEMANDIRIAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SANTRI CHARACTERISTICS WITH THEIR PERCEPTION OF SELF INDEPENDENCY

Dwi Purwoko, Amri Jahi, Pang S. Asngari, Darwis S. Gani, dan M. Hisyam.


Abstract

The study analyzed the student’s perceptions self autonomi in islamic boarding school. The research aims were (1) to describe santri distribution at spesific observed characteristic, (2) to decsribe santri perception concerning independency, (3) to describe existence of relation between perceptions with several of santri characteristics. The santri included in this research were 487 persons those located around Pesantren in Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, and East Java. There were 13 santri characteristics analyzed in the study: Type of Pesantren, Santri Age, Sex, Duration of Schooling in Pesantren, Santri’s Family Background, motivation, intensity in reading books, intensity in interacting with teachers (known as “Kyai”), tribe, distance and condition of pesantren, education background before enrolling, and origin. Independent variables related to the indicators of self autonomy included religion, general knowledge, hope for future, social interaction, discussion in the class, personal management, tolerance, and behavior against the government. Corelation analysis is done by using concordance Kendall W and Kendall Tau showed all of santri characteristics existence of high level agreement in evaluating the independency field.

Keywords: Santri Characteristics, Perception, Self Independency.



PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL PENYULUH TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENYULUH DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

(The Influence of the internal and external factors of the Agricultural Extension Agents to their competencies in East Nusa Tenggara Province)

Jelamu Ardu Marius, Sumardjo, Margono Slamet, dan Pang S.Asngari


Abstract

The objectives of this research were to portray the influence of internal and external factors to the competencies of the agricultural extension agents. The individual characrterization of the agricultural extension agents were the internal factors which assumed to influence in creating the competencies, and those other i.e the non formal education (diklat), the milieu, and the extension organization structure were the external factors. The respondents were selected by the random and purposive sampling method in the three regency as research area. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program 8.72 by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) models. The results of the research showed that the internal factors were influenced positively and significantly to the competencies of the agricultural extension agents both before and after the autonomy, but those other were not.

Key words: competence, agricultural extension agent, perception, autonomy.



MOTIVASI, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PENYULUH PERTANIAN LAPANGAN: KASUS KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

MOTIVATION, JOB SATISFACTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION WORKER:
CASE STUDY OF SUKABUMI DISTRICT

Aida Vitayala S. Hubeis


Abstract

The objective of the study was to find out the motivation, job satisfaction and job productivity of Agriculture Extension Workers (AEW). Respondent of the study was 36 AEW at Sukabumi district, West Java. The results of study have shown that most extension agents are male, relatively old, married and having more than three children. Most of them have had diploma program, participated in several trainings, 20 years of working experience, and belonging to third rank employee. Internal factors of AEW (achievement, recognition, job and responsibility are the internal factors performed significance factors. The motivation of agriculture extension agents has influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors; Job satisfaction influenced by psychology, and social, while physical and financial factors have no influence; Job productivity influenced by internal (achievement, recognition, job, responsibility) and external factors (FEW status, interpersonal relation) education background and capacity building, skill, technology, working environment, and discipline. All internal factors, achievement-recognition-work-responsibility has siginificance influence to extension workers productive works.

Keywords: Extension, motivation, job satisfaction, job productivity.



FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU PEMBACA DALAM MEMPEROLEH INFORMASI GAYA HIDUP SEHAT
(Studi kasus Pembaca Tabloid Senior di Kecamatan Bogor Utara)

(FACTORS CORRELATED TO READERS’ BEHAVIOR TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ON HEALTHY LIFE STYLE
(Case Study: Senior Tabloid Readers in North Bogor Regency))

Endang Sri Wahyuni, Ma’mun Sarma, dan Ismail Pulungan


Abstract

Healthy behavior is an important physical and psychological needs for human beings. Therefore, to attain good healthy behavior results, it is essential to study of the process to obtain information oh healthy life style in the Senior tabloid. Objectives of this research are to analyze individual characteristic (internal factors) and external factors (physical environment, social environment, and cultural environment), and to analyze the relationship between the internal factors and external factors and reader behavior. This study is a correlational description research, consists of 40 respondens of Senior tabloid reader were taken as sample. The sampling method was Sensus, and the technique of analysis were Spearman correlation method.The important results are : (1) reader behavior classified of five parts: exertion obtain an information source, reading frequency, reading schedule, exertion to store the information source, and information application, (2) internal factors that have significantly correlate to reder behavior are: job, healthy life style experience, family quantity, and cosmopolit, and (3) external factors that have significantly correlate to reader behavior are: packaging, content (topic and language), self concept, group effect, value system, and social process.

Keywords: Characteristic of readers, physical environment, cultural environment.



PROSES ADOPSI INOVASI PERTANIAN SUKU PEDALAMAN ARFAK DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI – PAPUA BARAT

THE AGRICULTURE INNOVATION ADOPTION PROCESS BY THE UPLAND ARFAK TRIBAL GROUP IN MANOKWARI REGENT, WEST PAPUA

Mulyadi, Basita Ginting Sugihen, Pang S. Asngari, dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract

Although the agriculture activities has been introduced for relatively a long time, the subsistent agriculture of the Arfak Tribal Group has still dominated in their agriculture system. In their agriculture activities, the new innovations has been adopted for a short time. The new innovations to be seen as a disturbance to their conservative norms. But this theory disagreed by Boef et al. (1993:206) as noted that the conservative system is not the cause but the top down agriculture program which contradicted with the local norms. This research are aimed to:(1) Identify the factors influencing the adoption process by the Arfak tribal group.(2)Identify the perceptions of the Arfak people about the agriculture innovations and extension education which they received from the government.(3) Identify the social culture values (norms, traditional system, custom) both the supporting and the obstructing the farm of Arfak people. The research used survey method and participation observation. Data are analized by proportion analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the research showed that:(1) The social capital which supported the innovations adoption process by the Arfak tribe are emphaty ability, cosmopolitant behaviour, creative and innovative ability.(2) There are significant correlation between the Arfak people with their learning needs, social culture, and responsive behavior of extension education launched by the government officials.

Keywords: Adoption, Agriculture, Innovation.



ANALISIS SISTEM KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PERENCANAAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN LAHAN KRITIS DAS BILA

ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTION SYSTEM ON PLANNING AND STRATEGY OF CRITICAL LAND ON BILA WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

Andi Nuddin, Naik Sinukaban, Kukuh Murtilaksono, dan Hadi S. Alikodra


Abstract

The rehabilitation program of critical land had been done since 1985 until 2001, but Bila watershed condition did not get better, even the width of critical land and erotion got more increase. Those were caused by some factors, involved: unaccruracy of technology, limited baudget, and unoptimal institution. Analysis of this study was focused on institution factor. Some of institution aspects that caused failure of rehabilitation of critical land Bila watershed, were is: role of institution sector, performance of management function, weakness on coordination, unrelevant of strategic program, and priority activity. Data collected was conducted by survey on some samples. Interpretative Structural Modelling and Analitycal Hierarchy Process were applied and the result shown that: (1) The main subject in critical land Bila watershed management were institution at regency level, which is Bappeda and Bapedalda, (2) unsuccess of rehabilitation of critical land Bila watershed was caused by planning weakness, (3) top-down policy, one of nine from main factors must be handled for effectiveness of coordination function, (4) to equalize vision and mission Bila watershed management cross territory was one of foor priority strategic frogram in critical land Bila watershed management, (5) and to increase knowledge and farmer skills were one of seven priority activity in critical land Bila watershed management.

Keywords: Institution, planning, watershed, critical land, management

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Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi Maret 2007

STRATEGI INOVASI SOSIAL PENGEMBANGAN MUTU SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA NELAYAN

THE STRATEGIC OF SOCIAL INOVATION TO DEVELOPMENT FISHERMAN RESOURCES

Wildani Pingkan S.Hamzens dan Sumardjo


Abstract

From generation to generation fisherman has been making a live for himself and family mainly by extracting coastal and marine resources. There are a number of program development designed to promote fisherman quality of life. However, there is still little progress in fisherman living quality. As the consequences, their ability to suffice their own and family needs also low. The objectives of this research are.- (1) to explain and analyze, condition of fisherman resources quality based on competence, ability to fulfill consumer's need, income, and ability to suffice their own and their family need; and (2) to formulized effective fisherman resource quality enhancement strategy. Research has shown that: (1) low qualiy of fisherman resource, reflected on: low competence, low ability to fulfill needs, low income, low ability to suffice their own and their family needs for living; (2) Fisherman resource quality enhancement strategy divided on: (a) internal strategy, by applying social inovation through continuous non formal education (extension,) and (b) external strategy by increasing environment supports for fisherman effort according to their need.


Key words: Fisherman Quality Enhancement, Competence, Ability to Fulfill
Customer Needs, Income, Ability to Fulfill Needs, Social Inovation,
Continous non Formal Education (extension).




PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG JOMPI KABUPATEN MUNA, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

EMPOWERMENT OF THE COMMUNITY AROUND THE AREA OF JOMPI PRESERVED FOREST MUNA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

Dasmin Sidu dan Basita G. Sugihen


Abstract

Forest as an asset of national development is really beneficial for life and livelihood. It brings benefits ecologically, culturally, and economically on condition when the forest is properly exploited. In term of ensure the sustainability, the forest should be managed, protected, and exploited continuously for the sake of the people's welfare, not only for the present but also for the next generation. Jompi Preserved Forest Area is one of the preserved forest areas in Muna Regency, which is now in very bad condition. The people living around the forest are powerless. The aims of the research: (1) to analyze the factors influencing the people's productivity and capability around the forest, and (2) to formulate a model of community empowerment adjusted to the local condition. The technique of collecting samples used is cluster sampling, covering 226 household. The analysis used is correlation analysis of Rank Spearman (rs), Multiple Regression, and Path Analysis. The result of analysis shows that the people's productivity and capability are still relatively low. This condition is resulted from the physical, human, and social capitals in the community. Similarly, the low capability of the empowerment facilitators and empowerment process also contribute to this situation. The effective empowerment model for the community around the preserved forest is the one that integrates the physical, human, and social capitals, and the facilitators' capability and empowerment process to create the power that can improve the productivity and capability of the community living around the Jompi Preserved Forest Area.

Keywords: Empowerment, Preserved Forest Area, powerless, and stakeholders.



FUNGSI AGIL DAN KEBERDAYAAN KELUARGA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN: KASUS KELUARGA DI KECAMATAN DUREN SAWIT DAN KECAMATAN JASINGA

AGIL FUNCTIONS AND THE POWER OF FAMILY IN URBAN CITY AND RURAL AREAS:
CASE OF FAMILY IN DUREN SAWIT AND JASINGA DISTRICTS

Astriana Baiti Sinaga dan Sumardjo


Abstract
Family has importanifimclions.for human development, and all functions must work properly. The effectiveness of functions determine family’s empowerment quality. In fact, some families failed to implement some of the functions, due to the influence of some factors. This research studied factors affected family's functions and empowerment, and develop model,for family empowerment. Data was collected in period of August-December 2006, involving Duren Saivil, of East Jakarta and Jasinga, of Bogor Regency. The four functions of family: adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency (AGIL) influence the family empowerment, and have a significant correlation between each other. The results of research indicate that each function is influenced differently in different area. The level implementation of adaptation, goal attainment, and latency function are low, but the integration function is in the middle level calegory in Duren Sawit and Jasinga. The family's empowerment is in middle level category in Duren Sawit and Jasinga.

Key words: Family, Family Function, Family Empowerment




FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI PERTANIAN BAGI PETANI SAYURAN DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT


FACTORS INFLUENCE THE NEED OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION FOR VEGETABLES’ FARMERS IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE

Mariati Tamba dan Ma’mun Sarma

Abstract
The agribusiness development of horticulture products is one of national economical growth sources of agricultural sector. Free market made part of domestically which cause more rigid competitiveness. In addition, the increase of farmer’s family member demands was faced to the need of demand of information of modern farming to increase the management capability in yielding competitive products from the efficient farmers. Yet, the empowerment hasn’t significantly empowered the farmers. The fact showed that farmers still lives in ’darkness’ and lack of information. One of empowerment strategy is to make independent farmer in maintaining their lives in the meaning of: knowed, motivated, and able to develop their farm by looking and using the available agricultural information. The government task is to service agricultural information for farmers as stated in law No.16 year 2006 about Agricultural Extension System. This study was aimed to analyze: (1) kinds of agricultural information which needed by vegetables’ farmers, and (2) factors influenced the need of agricultural information. The research was conducted in three districts (Bogor, Cianjur, and Bandung), West Java Province since July 2006 to February 2007 by using survey technique, interview, and indepth interview. The sampling technique used in the study was quota sampling with 240 respondents of head families. Statistical analysis were using Cronbach Alpha, t-test, Rank Spearman correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling. The analysis showed that the need of agricultural information from vegetables’ farmers’ influenced significantly by economic and social status of vegetables’ farmers, farmers’s awareness level of the importance of agricultural information, accessibility level of vegetables’farmers in obtaining the agricultural information, motivation of vegetables’ farmers ,and innovative of vegetables’ farmers.

Keywords: The need of agricultural information and accessibility to agricultural information, farmer’s empower.




HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DENGAN KOMPETENSI WIRAUSAHA PETANI RUMPUT LAUT DI SULAWESI SELATAN

Relationship Between Personal Characteristics and Enterpreneurship Competencies of Seaweed Farmers in South Sulawesi

Syafiuddin dan Amri Jahi


Abstract

Seaweed farmers are those farmers who have seaweeds farming in rural coastal area, as their moyor income. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of relationship between individual characteristics of seaweed farmers and their entrepreneurship or business competence. Data were collected in July to October2006 from the 280 seaweed farmers. Data were analyzed by Kendal Concordance and Tau_b Path analysis and Pearson procedures. The important results of the study were as follows: (1) most of them are young, low educated, family size is sedentary, low family income, low in media utilization and sedentary in experience, motivation and capital, (2) two groups of competence were perceived (competence-importance) showed that the existence of positive correlation or high agreement, (3) Degree of all individual characteristic showed high positive correlation or high agreement for rank ten component of entrepreneur or business competence, (4) Mostly individual characteristic have significant relationship to entrepreneurship competence with existence of indirect and direct influence to some individual characteristics through entrepreneur or business competence and also direct to productions and incomes of seaweed farmers


Key Word: Farmers, Seaweed, Characteristic, Competence, Entrepreneurship.



PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI SAYURAN: KASUS PETANI SAYURAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN

EMPOWERMENT OF VEGETABLE’S FARMERS: CASE STUDY OF VEGETABLE’S FARMERS IN SOUTH SULAWESI

Lukman Hakim dan Basita G. Sugihen

Abstract
This study was focused on analyzing farmers’ empowerment and studying factors affecting group dynamic in relation with their business improvement. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify factors that influence empowerment of crop farmer within groups, (2) the relation between group dynamics and productivity and, (3) the formulation of empowerment strategy through group approach. This study was conducted at two districts area: Gowa and Enrekang at South Sulawesi Province. Primary data were obtained from 240 respondents from members of group farmer who their business mostly cultivate vegetable. Quantitative analysis and qualitative-descriptive analysis were employed to explain the result of the research. Variabels used in the study were individual characteristics. The level of farmer empowerment within group is low, and factors that affect farmers’ empowerment within group are low (underdeveloped). These factors are empowerment pattern, level of personality, social environment, information access and level of farmers’ productivity. Development of elements of group dynamics in two locations shows low performance that means underdeveloped. The main constraints for developing group dynamics are lack of initiative and participation of group members to encourage group activities, and lack of cooperation and coordination of tasks within group. Individual characteristics include level of formal education, empowerment pattern, farmers’ personality, social environment and information access show significantly positive relationship with group dynamic. There are fourteen variabels which positively influence group dynamics. These variabels are empowerment pattern; level of farmers’ personality; social environment; and information access. Based on the relationship among variabels in the model of farmer development toward farmer’s productivity, it shows that variabels of working network (X2.2), self confident (X3.2), culture norms (X4.1), accurate information (X5.2), group objective (Y1.1) and group development (Y1.3) affect significantly of farmers’ productivity. This means these variables have significant role in promoting farmers’ productivity. Farmers’ productivity is still low and it should be developed through more diynamic activities.

Key words : crop farmer, empowerment, group dynamic, and work productivity.

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Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan September 2006

PENGGUNAAN BUKU BERGAMBAR TENTANG CARA BETERNAK DOMBA UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KAPASITAS PETANI MISKIN DI DUA DESA TEPI HUTAN DI KECAMATAN UJUNG JAYA, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT

THE USE OF ILLUSTRATED SHEEP REARING HANDBOOK ON POOR FARMERS’ CAPACITY BUILDING IN TWO NEAR FOREST VILLAGES IN UJUNG JAYA SUB-DISTRICT, DISTRICT OF SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA


Amri Jahi


Abstract

Building the capacity of the poor farmers that were living in two near-forest villages in Ujung Jaya sub-district, District of Sumedang, West Java was one of the activities accomplished to help such farmers raise indigenous Garut sheep. These activities included on site farmer training, monthly farmer meeting, supervision and other backstopping supports. These support services were provided before and after the sheep provision to the cooperating farmers. In this training, copies of an illustrated sheep raising manual covering several aspects of sheep rearing from feeding to marketing were tested with the participating farmers and were later given to them as reading materials. In this conjunction, two farmer groups from Palasari and Sukamulya villages were involved in the training sessions. At the opening session, the two farmer groups were tested to determine their prior knowledge about sheep rearing. After the pretetst, all participating farmers were individually given a copy of the sheep raising manual and was asked to read the manual for about 25 minutes. Next, they were asked to close the books and were given posttests. The results pointed out that the participating farmers improved their knowledge about sheep raising, though statistically not significant. Other tests accomplished on the data obtained, showed that the participating farmers’ education correlated positively with their knowledge gains regarding sheep raising; whereas their ages and number of years since graduation correlated negatively with their knowledge gains about sheep raising.

Key words: Ilustrated manual, sheep raising, capacity building, poor farmers,
Garut sheep, near forest village.



PENGARUH BAHASA BOOKLET PADA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH TENTANG INSEMINASI BUATAN DI KELURAHAN NONGKOSAWIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI,KOTA SEMARANG

THE EFFECT OF BOOKLET LANGUAGE ON THE DAIRY FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE GAIN ABOUT ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION AT NONGKOSAWIT VILLAGE, GUNUNGPATI DISTRICT, CITY OF SEMARANG

Sriroso Satmoko dan Harini Tri Astuti

Abstract

A research concerning the effect of booklet’s language on the dairy farmers knowledge gain regarding artificial insemination had been accomplished in Nongkosawit Village, Gunung Pati District, City of Semarang on April 3 to June 3, 2004. The objective of the research was to determine whether such an extension booklet language created an effect on the dairy farmers’ knowledge regarding artificial insemination. Fourty dairy farmers were selected purposively for this research. They were divided into two groups, with 20 members each. The first group was exposed to the first version of the booklet written Javanese, and the second group was exposed to the second version of the booklet written in bahasa Indonesia. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data collected. The results pointed out that the effect of the booklets’ languages on the dairy farmers’ knowledge gains about artificial insemination was not significant at alpha equal to 0.05.

Key words: Booklet, Javanese, Bahasa Indonesia.



PERILAKU NELAYAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA BAHARI DI KAWASAN PANTAI LOVINA, BULELENG, BALI

FISHERMEN BEHAVIOR IN MANAGING COASTAL TOURISM IN LOVINA BEACH AT BULELENG, BALI

Siti Amanah dan Hamidah Nayati Utami


Abstract

Fishermen living around the Lovina Beach Tourism Area had other productive activities besides catching fishes. The fishermen living in coastal villages of Lovina offered services such as guides for tourists who were interested in diving, snorkeling, and watching dolphin’s attraction in their habitat. The objectives of the research were to portray the fishermen’s behavior in managing the tourism services and to determine the variables correlated to the fishermen behavior and the tourist satisfaction. The research result showed that the fishermen’s competencies in managing the tourism related activities need improvement, especially in the management of coastal resources and services. Furthermore, all of the fishermen’ variables, whether personal characteristics or external factors, were positively and significantly correlated with their coastal tourism management behavior and the tourists satisfaction. It was recommended that along with the purposes of promoting tourism and the fishermen quality of life, learning programs that were developed based upon the fishermen’s problems and needs were required. The programs could include hospitality training, eco-tourism, and tourism management. Additionally, coordination amongst the fishermen groups, local government, non government organization, and private sector involved in these activities was needed to improve the performance of the tourism service.

Key words: behavior, fishermen, eco-tourism.



PEMBINAAN WANITA PENGOLAH IKAN ASIN DI PESISIR MUARA ANGKE JAKARTA UTARA

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THAT PROCESSED SALTY FISH AT MUARA ANGKE, NORTH OF JAKARTA

Nayu Nurmalia dan Richard W.E. Lumintang



Abstract

Women who were involved in processing salty fish at Muara Angke, north of Jakarta, had significant contribution to their salty fish business. So far, they had never been involved in any empowerment program offered either by government institution or by non government organization. Men were mostly involved in such empowerment activities. In this conjunction, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the skills of the women involved in salty fish processing, (2) to identify both the internal and external factors related to the women’s skills in processing salty fish, and (3) to determine the relationship intensity of the women’ skills in salty fish processing and their productivity in processing such fish. The findings of the study were: the women productivity in salty fish processing was significantly related to their skills in getting qualified fresh fish, in processing and drying salty fish, in book keeping and accounting, and in getting information on marketing system.

Key words: Salty fish, Empowerment, Market system.





KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN SEVERAL DISTRICTS IN WEST JAVA


Ani Leilani dan Amri Jahi


Abstract

A research on the relationship of several selected characteristics of Agricultural Extension Agents and their performance had been conducted in July through September 2005. The Objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the distribution of Agricultural Extension Agents on several selected characteristics, 2) to identify the performance of Agricultural Extension Agents based on their official main duty, and 3) to determine the extent of relationships between the agricultural extension agents’ characteristics and their performance. One hundred Agricultural Extension Agent respondents were selected randomly to meet the objectives. The respondents were from Bogor, Sukabumi, Bekasi, Majalengka, and Subang districts. A closed end questionnaire was developed to gather needed data. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively. Kendall W Concordance procedure was used to determine the extents of relationship among agents’ characteristics and their perceived performance. The research results showed that: (1) some of the agents’ characteristics were correlated significantly with their performance, (2) the agents’ performance in accomplishing their official duties was mostly good, (3) the official duties that they considered as important was Extension Program Development, (4) while the ones that they considered as less important was professional development, evaluation, reporting their monthly duty, and preparing extension materials.

Key word: Performance, Agricultural Extension Agent, Main duty.




FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PARTISIPASI KONTAKTANI DALAM PERENCANAAN
PROGRAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN
(Kasus WKUPP Nyalindung, Kabupaten Sukabumi)

FACTORS RELATED TO CONTACT FARMER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAM PLANNING
(Case of Rural Extension Center at Nyalindung, Sukabumi)


Herawati dan Ismail Pulungan


Abstract

The main objective of this research was to determine the extent of contact-farmer participation in agricultural extension program planning i.e., in collecting data, in compiling the data collected, in attending meeting, in discussing and in giving suggestions, and in authenticating the program and activities that followed. To meet this objective, 30 contact-farmers registered in the Contact-Farmer Association (Gapoktan) in Rural Extension Unit at Nyalindung Subdistrict, District of Sukabumi were interviewed. The research results showed that both the contact-farmers’ internal and external factors were highly correlated with their participation in planning Agricultural Extension program and activities.

Key words: Participation, Contact-farmer, Extension Program



FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PROSES BELAJAR DAN TINGKAT KECAKAPAN HIDUP REMAJA
(Kasus Pengrajin Sandal Desa Cikaret Kecamatan Bogor Selatan)


FACTORS RELATED TO THE ADOLESCENCE’S LIFE SKILLS
(Case of Sandal Producers at Cikaret Village, South Bogor Sub-District)

Miskat Ramdhani dan Sumardjo

Abstract

The objectives of this research were: (1) to study the relationship between learning process, adolescence characteristics, family roles, and environment, (2) to study the relationship between the youths’ life skill level and their learning process. The research took place at Cikaret Village, South Bogor Sub-District. Sixty 60 respondents were involved. Data was gathered on September-November 2005, by interview and observation. Quantitative data were analyzed by Spearman-Rank correlation procedure. In this research, the youth’s life skills were correlated to their characteristic, to their family role, to their environment and learning process. Some important results of this research are: ( 1) the life skills were correlated with the learning process within the conditions of learning and the experimental learning, ( 2) the learning process of the adolescence were related to the family role, the environment role and the adolescence’s characteristics, and ( 3) improvement of the quality of the adolescence’s life skills were needed together with effort to increase their quality of life, including their family, environment and learning process.

Key words: Life skills, Adolescence, Characteristic, Family role, Environment
role, Learning process.


Agustina

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Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi Maret 2006

STRATEGI PENATAAN KAWASAN PETERNAKAN DI KABUPATEN BLITAR

(THE ZONING OF LIVESTOCK AREA STRATEGY IN DISTRICT OF BLITAR )

Eliezer Ginting


Abstract
The research result shows that the zoning of KINAK is based on the critical and even less productive field for planting. Furthermore, several factors have significant effect on KINAK arrangement social norm system of the local society as well as general and specific layout plant of Blitar regency. The effort of matching KINAK with the availability of potential circumstance and transportation bring about advantages to marketing crops and climate. There has been no change in location enterprise policy. There were two types of work patterns in terms of social-economy such as horizontal and vertical. Horizontally, the work pattern was created among farmers. Vertically the work pattern was built in such a way that farmers have relation to some local poultry shop and Extension Service who are regarded as technical assistant. In addition to it consequence, the arrangement of KINAK has both increased the number of farmer and poultries being raised, and exceded social stratification that is regarded as social honor by people around KINAK.

Key Words: KINAK, social norm, social stratification, social honor.







FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN PETANI DALAM MENGELOLA LAHAN MARJINAL
(Kasus di Desa Karangmaja, Kecamatan Karanggayam, Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah)

Tanti Kustiari, Djoko Susanto, Sumardjo dan Ismail Pulungan


Abstract
The objectives of the study are: (1) To explore the capability of the farmers to carry out land-use of marginal or dry land; (2) To analyse factors which relate to farmers’ capability in managing marginal land. The study was carried out in Karangmaja village, sub District of Karanggayam, the District of Kebumen Central Java. As many 100 farmers were selected by proportion random sampling as respondents. Data were analyzed using Rank Spearman non parametric method. Important results show that the capability of the farmers to manage marginal land is categorized as sedentary. Internal factors such as: motivation and participation of the farmers to joint farmers’ group, interaction which information sources and dependency on land have significant correlation to the capability of the farmers to manage marginal land.
Key Words: marginal land, capability, dependency







PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA SUPM KOTA TEGAL (JAWA TENGAH) MELALUI PENYEBARAN INFORMASI TENTANG TRANSPORTASI UDANG HIDUP SISTEM KERING MENGGUNAKAN
MEDIA FILM BINGKAI BERSUARA

(IMPROVEMENT OF SUPM STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DISSEMINATION OF DRAY TRANSPORT OF LIVE SHRIMP USING SOUND SLIDE SHOW)

Mei Dwi Erlina dan Nendah Kurniasari


Abstrak

This research aims to know influence of dissemination of picture form, influence of music type attendant of frame film narasi voice, and influence of interaction music type attendant of narasi and dissemination of form draw to improve knowledge of target. Sample determined by purposive to 117 student of SUPM Tegal Central Java with clauses have never followed shrimp transportation technique subject live dry system. This research is quasi exsperimental with factorial device 2x2. Free variable compose from 1) Type music factor attendant of narasi two-level that is populer music and dangdut 2) Factor presentation of picture of comparison of foto frame amount: line picture = 75 : 25% and comparison of photo frames amount : line picture = 25 : 75%. Not free variable are the make-up of knowledge of student. Result of research indicate that 1) Usage of pop music as attendant of narasi in presentation of frame film voice more effective to submit information concerning shrimp transportation live dry system to student of SUPM Tegal; 2) Make-up of knowledge of student of SUPM do not influence by difference of presentation of form draw in frame film displaying voice; 3) frame film voice with comparison of photo picture frames amount : line picture = 75 : 25% and accompanied pop music (MPGF) is treated group of combination which most effective in disseminating innovation of transportation of life shrimp dry system. The respondents of sound film frame of MPGT get the biggest score in increasing knowledge compared to the respondents of treated sound film frame of MPGG, MDGF and MDGG;. 4) Sound film frame can be used to disseminate and enhance of diffusion of innovation on transportation of life shrimp dry system, especially to the SUPM students and the people at large.

Key Words: Dissemination, quasi experimental, shrimp.









HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI KERJA DENGAN PERILAKU NELAYAN PADA USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP

(RELATIONSHIP OF MAKING MOTIVATION THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FISHERMAN)

Helena Tatcher Pakpahan, Richard W. E. Lumintang, dan Djoko Susanto


Abstract
Community of fishermen is one of social segments who considered as having daily life worse than other social segments, such as farmers, factory labourers, etc. Certain efforts can be done to improve the level of life of the fishermen, i.e to increase their production of fish. The way which can be done is by improving the unit of productive assets so that it can increase motivation of the fishermen for better behavior. Recently fishermen are not able to go out from their miserable socio economic situation, mainly due to (a) bargaining position weakness, (b) lacking of capital, (c) low level of knowledge and skill, (d) lacking of supervision, (e) no guarantee of promising market. Based on those evidence it is worth to study the relationship between fishermen motivation and their behavior to increase production of fish.

Key Words: fishermen, behavior.







PERSEPSI PETANI TENTANG KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS SAYURAN
( Kasus Petani Sayuran Peserta Program Kawasan Agropolitan Desa Sindang Jaya Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Cianjur )


(FARMER’S PERCEPTION ABOUT REGIONAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON
VEGETABLES AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
( Case of Vegetable Farmers whoParticipate in Agropolitan Area Program, Sindang Jaya Village, CipanasSubDistrict, District of Cianjur)

Awaludin Sofwanto, Basita Ginting Sugihen, dan Djoko Susanto

Abstract
The regional government policies on vegetables agribusiness development is carried out through agropolitan area development program. The aims of this study are : (1) To get informations on perception of vegetables farmer’s towards the regional government policies in the efforts of vegetables agribusiness development, (2) To get informations on the vegetables farmer’s efforts to increase vegetables agribusiness through agropolitan area development program, and (3) To analyze the correlation of farmer’s perception towards the regional government policies in the efforts of vegetables agribusiness development with the farmer’s efforts to increase vegetables agribusiness. The method of this study is using descriptive correlation. Some important results of this study are : (1) The vegetables farmer’s perception towards the regional government policies in the efforts of vegetables agribusiness development is high, (2) Vegetables farmer’s effort to increase vegetables agribusiness is high, and (3) There is significant correlation between vegetables farmer’s perception and the efforts of the vegetables farmer’s to increase vegetables agribusiness, such as : partnership with the entrepreneurs, on-farm management, and marketing management. The supporting sub-system merit such as : the micro financial institutions, agricultural education and training, agricultural extention, faciliting of regional governments to provide market places at main market in Jakarta should be increased.
Keyword : agribusiness, agropolitan, perception, policies.










DINAMIKA PETANI DALAM BERAGRIBISNIS SALAK
(Kasus di Kabupaten Karangasem Provinsi Bali)

FARMER’S DYNAMIC IN SALAK AGRIBUSINESS
(CASE OF KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI PROVINCE)

I Gede Setiawan Adi Putra, Pang S. Asngari, dan
Prabowo Tjitropranoto

Abstract
Bali salak is germ plasm of Balinese salak which has good potency for economic development, but not been handled to the seriously agribusiness system. The objectives of this research: (1) to describe internal factors of salak agribusiness farmers, (2) ) to describe external factors of salak agribusiness farmer, and (3) to analyze the relationship among internal and external factors and farmer’s dynamic in agribusiness of salak. This research used descriptive correlation method. The result of this research showed that factors, which influence the farmer’s dynamic in salak agribusiness, were: (1) internal factors are in low and middle category, (2) external factors are in middle and high category, and (3) internal and external factors had relationship with the farmer’s dynamic in agribusiness of salak.


Key Word: farmer’s dynamic, agribusiness







PEMBERDAYAAN PEJABAT STRUKTURAL KEPEGAWAIAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA
YANG BERMUTU:
Kasus dalam Bidang Kepegawaian di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Provinsi DI Yogyakarta


EMPOWERMENT OF PERSONNELS OF GOVERNMENT STRUCTURAL OFFICIALS (PSOG) TO IMPROVE THEIR PRODUCTIVITY:
A Case of Civil Service Management in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta Provinces

Djoko Sutrisno, Sumardjo, Pang S. Asngari, Soedijanto Padmowihardjo,
dan Prabowo Tjitropranoto
Abstrak
The civil service management was changed of paradigm to some extent, that is appointment of the personnel of government structural officials (PSOG) is carried out based on profesionalisme principle. Although in implementation, work achievement of the personnel of goverment structural officials (PSOG) indicate is still unsatisfying. This research objectives are: (1) to evaluate the level of empowerment, internal characteristics of organization, motivation, and competency of PSOG; (2) to decide the determinant factors that influence the empowerment, competence, and motivation of PSOG; (3) to formulate the model to increase competency of the personnel of government structural officials (PSOG). Location of the research are in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakartaof which 14 government offices were selected as study sites From the analysis of data obtained the scores as follow: (1) Level of empowerment, attitudes, motivation, and competency with category good. Level of non formal education (seminar, discussion and workshop) and organization technology with category good. Level of works experience with category not good; (2) The factors of non formal education (seminar, discussion and workshop), attitudes and organization technology is significantly influence the empowerment of PSOG; (3) The factors of empowerment and motivation of PSOG significantly influence competency; (4) The factor of empowerment of PSOG is significantly influence the motivation of PSOG.

Key Word: empowerment, internal characteristics, organization, motivation, and
competency.




Agustina

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Abstrak Jurnal Penyuluhan Edisi September 2005

KOMPETENSI PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI TUJUH KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT

(THE COMPETENCIES OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS WORKING IN SEVEN SUB-DISTRICTS IN THE DISTRICT OF BEKASI,WEST JAVA)

Ridwan Kurniawan dan Amri Jahi


Abstract
Agricultural Extension agents must acquire certain competencies so as to perform well in doing their jobs. Competencies were the combination of knowledge, skills and abilities. Competencies both had intellectual as well as practical dimensions that were served as the bases of the agents’ professional expertise, especially in promoting their clientele well being. As knowledge, technology and work environment changed, the Agricultural agents should also adjust their competencies. In this conjunction, the Agricultural agents’ working environment in the seven sub-districts in the district of Bekasi had tremendously changed in the last thirty years. A vast area of well-irrigated rice fields had been converted into industrial as well as urban estates. This in turn created a lot of small and land less farmers who no longer practice rice cultivation as before. Consequently, the agents’ client profiles were subsequently changed as well. The research question then, “What were the Agricultural Agents’ needed competencies so as to serve these people well?” To address this question, a descriptive study was implemented in those sub-districts. Twenty-six Agricultural Agents were interviewed. The obtained results pointed out that the agents perceived that: (1) Extension Program Development, (2) Promotion of Farmers’ Participation, (3) Conducting Education for Farmers, (4) Organizing Farmers, (5) Agricultural Information, (6) Socio-economic aspects of Agriculture, (7) Agricultural Subject Matter, and (8) Communication, as the competencies that they needed.

Key Words: Competencies, Agricultural Extension Agents, District of Bekasi,
Agricultural Area, Industrial Estates.






BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DIAKUINYA SESEORANG SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN OPINI DAN MANFAATNYA UNTUK KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN

Abdul Hanan, Ismail Pulungan dan Richard W.E Lumintang

Abstract

Opinion Leader at a certain areas, highly contributes to diffusion and adoption process, and has certain effect to social system whether the farmers rejected or accepted to a innovation. The research identified existence and function of Opinion Leader in an areas and analyzed correlated factors of recognition of Opinion Leader. Respondent were farmers of Floating Net Fish Culture at Coklat Area, Cirata Dam, District of Cianjur, West Java Province. The survey conducted since February until May 2005.The result showed that the farmers population, there were eight persons who considered by the respondents as sources of innovation and opinion. Futhermore internal characteristic had a positive value correlation among factors toward recognition level of Opinion Leader, but external characteristic showed negative correlation. Specially, the function of Opinion Leader those were strong correlation toward recognition farmers level to Opinion Leader.

Key words: Opinion leader






PERSEPSI PEMANDU/PETANDU TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK IPPHTI, JAWA BARAT

Cliffton R. Bonzo, Amri Jahi, dan
Rama B. Radhakrishna

Abstrak

IPPHTI (Ikatan Petani Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Indonesia) nasional berawal dari kegiatan-kegiatan terkait dengan Sekolah Lapangan (SL). Tujuan studi ini adalah meneliti persepsi pemandu/petandu IPPHTI berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kelompok IPPHTI, Jawa Barat. Profil demografik dari survei menunjukkan mayoritas laki-laki (partisipasi wanita 30%), bersuku Sunda, berpendidikan SD dan telah menamatkan SL. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan kelompok IPPHTI adalah tersedianya sumberdaya manusia (SDM) dan adanya jaringan organisasi-organisasi. Kategori ilmu dan pengetahuan membuktikan ada kaitan dengan keinginan tahu dan hak-hak asasi manusia khususnya hak milik tanah. Jenis kelaminan, kesukuan, status kepemimpinan, dan penggarapan atas tanah tidak membuktikan adanya perbedaan berarti dalam persepsi antara berbagai status pendidikan dan pembentukan IPPHTI. Meskipun demikian, terdapat perbedaan berarti dalam persepsi antara berbagai status pendidikan dan pembentukan kelompok IPPHTI. Para pemandu/petandu siap berdiskusi dengan pemerintah setempat dan Dinas Pertanian terkait mengenai hasil survei ini. Hasil dari survei, yang dilaksanakan April 2004, sudah dilaporkan ke responden (IPPHTI, Jawa Barat). Diskusi yang berlangsung meliputi tiga pertanyaan: 1. Mengapa status pendidikan mempengaruhi hasil survei? 2. Apakah dasar dari korelasi antara pengetahuan yang diperoleh dan hak milik tanah? 3. Mengapa SDM lebih bernilai daripada bantuan ekonomi dalam mengembangkan IPPHTI? Pendapat yang muncul dari diskusi-diskusi adalah apabila pelatihan SDM tersedia, maka sumberdaya ekonomi dari pemerintah dan swasta serta penelitian universitas akan lebih baik dimanfaatkan yang dilatih SL. Memperoleh informasi yang secara konkret dapat memperbaiki penghidupan petani selalu menjadi tujuan utama dari IPPHTI.


Kata Kunci: Sekolah Lapangan, Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, Pembentukan
Kelompok.




PERSEPSI ANAK JALANAN TERHADAP BIMBINGAN SOSIAL MELALUI RUMAH SINGGAH DI KOTAMADYA BANDUNG


(PERCEPTION OF STREET CHILDREN TOWARD SOCIAL GUIDANCE IN
OPEN HOUSE PROGRAM AT BANDUNG CITY)


Sr Tjahjorini, Margono Slamet, Pang S. Asngari,
dan Djoko Susanto

Abstract

The street children has become an important phenomenon in urban areas. Most of the children spent their time on the street or in other public areas. Government throught Social Welfare Departement developed an transit house program which providing social guidance fo ther street children, but the budget can not cover all of the children. Many of the children are still on the street that cause them to be out of control and easily trapped in juvenile delinquency. The study tried to understand perception of the children on the social guidance of the transit house program, since there are not enough information about the issue. The study used quantitative and qualitative data and analized in non parametric statistic. Bandung was selected as location of the study since the city is one of cities in Indonesia that has street children problems. Population of the study are street children of 6-18 years old. Stratifield random sampling technique was used to get 60 respondents. The data was collected through interview schedule, field observation and desk study. The research fond that the perception of the respondents toward social guidance program is negative in terms of physical, mentality, social and skill. But, the respondent that involved in the program less or equal to 6 months is better than whose that involved 7-12 months and more than 13 months, especially in terms of mental and skill guidance. Based on the finding, a reorientation of the program is needed throught in form of guidance and councelling package that short in time (less than 6 months), relevance with interest and talent of the children, emphasize on developing the children skill, but still concern with physical, mental and social development.

Keywords: Perception, Street Children, Social Guidance, Open House Program







PEMBERDAYAAN PELADANG BERPINDAH: KASUS KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR, DAN KABUPATEN KUTAI BARAT DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR


Jawatir Pardosi, Pang S. Asngari, Rudy C. Tarumingkeng,
Djoko Susanto, dan Sumarjo

Abstract

Shifting cultivations (SC) who rely on their livelihood of forest resources are empowerless mainly caused by the low quality of human resources an the pressures of the forest resources utilization which covering the cultivation areas by companies. The study was aimed to formulate a model of the empowerment of SC through extension program. The respondents involved we composed of 36 extension agents and 288 shifting cultivators. Data analysis used the descriptive analysis technique such as Chi Square, Rank Spearman, and Path Analysis. The Study results showed ah: (1) factors related o empowering SC through extension that consisted of 13 variables were low; (2) applications of forestry extension in Kutai Katanegara District, East Kutai District, and West Kutai District were not able to empower the SC to realize sustainable forest; (3) the activities needed by SC are he activities, aimed to solved the SC problem, such as (a) he qualified extension about the permanent cultivation, (b) the availability of infrastructure, (c) the insurance for shifting cultivation activities, (d) the availability of specific local technology, (e) production apparatus, (f) production increase, (g) income increase, (h) market, (i) cooperation, (j) capital credit, (k) business development, (l) new business alternative; and (4) the effectively extension model hat might be able to empower the SC is the extension that became their own program and applies (a) a digging finding, and developing science and technology model, (b) interactive/convergent communication, (c) extension substances based on SC need, (d) adult learning process, and (e) community based forest management.

Keywords: extension autonomous, empowerment shifting cultivator, cultivator needs,
indigenous knowledge.







HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PETANI DENGAN KOMPETENSI AGRIBISNIS PADA USAHATANI SAYURAN DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI JAWA TIMUR

Rini Sri Damihartini dan Amri Jahi
Abstrak

Pembangunan agribisnis berawal dari kualitas petani sebagai pelaku utama. Kualitas petani berhubungan dengan karakteristik yaitu: pendidikan formal, luas lahan, pengalaman, motivasi dan modal berusahatani. Petani yang berkualitas merupakan wujud kompetensi yang dimiliki. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengetahui distribusi karakteristik petani; (2) Menganalisa kompetensi agribisnis yang harus dikuasai petani dan (3) Menganalisa hubungan antara karakteristik dengan kompetensi agribisnis petani. Penelitian dirancang sebagai penelitian survey, jumlah responden 50 petani cabai, diambil secara Propotional Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan tiga bulan dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2004. Lokasi penelitian diambil secara purposive sampling. Analisa data dipergunakan uji Konkordasi Kendall W dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian, mayoritas petani berpendidikan formal SMA, memiliki lahan sempit, cukup berpengalaman, motivasi sedang dan memiliki cukup modal. Aspek pengetahuan dalam kompetensi agribisnis memperoleh nilai skor tertimbang rata-rata 75, sikap 3,2 dan ketrampilan 3. Hal ini artinya, petani umumnya menguasai pengetahuan dan ketrampilan agribisnis yang harus dikuasai dan bersikap positif terhadap agribisnis yang diusahakan. Hubungan karakteristik petani dengan kompentensi agribisnis pada umumnya memilki kesepakatan tinggi. Namun, ketiga aspek pengetahan, ketrampilan dan sikap tersebut saling bebas dalam memberikan penilaian berbagai bidang agribisnis. Kesimpulan, masih ada bidang agribisnis baik pengetahuan maupun ketrampilan yang kurang dikuasai petani dan ada beberapa kegiatan penunjang kompetensi agribisnis dianggap kurang penting. Saran penelitian adalah perlu diadakan penyuluhan secara intensif mengenai pengetahuan tentang agribisnis dan pelatihan ketrampilan bagi petani.

Kata Kunci: karakteristik petani, kompetensi, agribisnis






BAGAIMANA RESPON PETANI MISKIN DI DUA DESA TEPI HUTAN, DI KECAMATAN UJUNG JAYA, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG PADA PRESENTASI AUDIO-VISUAL TENTANG CARA MEMBUAT KANDANG DOMBA YANG SEHAT?

Amri Jahi

Abstrak
Menentukan respon para petani kecil, yang miskin, yang berdiam di desa-desa tepi hutan di Kecamatan Ujung Jaya, Kabupaten Sumedang pada presentasi audio-visual tentang cara membuat kandang domba yang sehat, perlu dilakukan. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat guna membantu para petani itu meningkatkan kapasitas mereka dalam mengelola sumberdaya alam di daerah itu. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari aktivitas penyuluhan untuk mengembangkan domba Garut di desa-desa tepi hutan itu. Penyuluhan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumberdaya manusia -- para petani -- agar supaya tahu, mampu dan mau bertindak secara arif dalam mengelola sumberdaya alam ditepi hutan untuk kemaslahatan hidup mereka. Domba ialah ruminansia kecil, yang hidup dari rumput dan daun-daunan yang banyak di daerah tepi hutan. Para petani yang memiliki cukup banyak domba akan memiliki cukup penghasilan, sehingga tidak perlu merambah hutan. Tahap awal beternak domba ialah membuat kandang yang memadai, kokoh dan sehat bagi domba. Kandang menaungi domba dari terpaan hujan, angin dan sengatan matahari. Kandang juga melindungi domba dari serangan predator. Kemudian, kandang menjadi tempat domba berkembang biak. Selanjutnya, pengandangan memudahkan petani memelihara dan merawat ternaknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran para petani tentang pentingnya kandang yang baik, yang terbuat dari bahan-bahan setempat, yang berharga murah, untuk domba mereka. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan para petani itu tentang subyek penyuluhan ini. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, sebuah program audio-visual berupa film slide bersuara didedahkan kepada dua kelompok petani pada saat pelatihan. Para petani itu dites sebelum dan sesudah didedahkan pada film slide bersuara itu. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok petani itu mendapat manfaat dari pendedahan itu. Pengetahuan mereka tentang berbagai aspek kandang domba dan cara membuatnya meningkat, walaupun secara statistik tidak nyata. Demikian juga dengan peningkatan pengetahuan kedua kelompok petani itu, tidak berbeda nyata. Hal ini terjadi karena ada persaingan stimuli audio dan visual dalam pengolahan informasi aural dan visual di benak para petani itu, yang menimbulkan efek saling tidak mengukuhkan. Namun demikian, para petani itu masih reseptif pada informasi tentang kandang domba yang baik, yang dipresentasikan pada mereka.

Kata Kunci: Desa Tepi Hutan, Program Audio-Visual, Strategi Pembelajaran,
Penyuluhan, Kandang Domba, Domba Gaut, Peningkatan Pengetahuan



Agustina

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Jelang 2009

Akhir semester gasal 2008/2009 hampir tiba. Seluruh mahasiswa pasti dihadapkan pada banyak deadline. Deadline yang datang bersamaan biasanya akan menyebabkan stress dan akhirnya berpengaruh pada keragaan secara keseluruhan. Stress itu dapat dikurangi kalau desakan deadline itu bisa dihindari. Beberapa hal berikut ini bisa dilakukan agar terhindar dari stress.
a. Mengerjakan tugas tepat waktu. Ada sebuah pepatah mengatakan "jangan tunggu sampai besok". Pekerjaan yang ditunda sampai besok berarti akan menambah beban.
b. Mengembangkan kelompok diskusi terutama kelompok diskusi yang fokus membahas satu masalah. Bergabung dengan kelompok dapat membuka akses informasi sehingga dapat mengurangi beban individu dan menambah jumlah informasi yang diperoleh.
c. Menjaga kesehatan tubuh lahir dan batin. Kesehatan mutlak diperlukan agar segala aktivitas dapat berjalan dengan baik.

Dengan manajemen diri yang baik, tugas-tugas dapat diselesaikaan tepat waktu tanpa stress berlebihan.Terlebih menjelang akhir tahun. Songsong tahun 2009 dengan manajemen diri baru yang lebih berorientasi pada kualitas.

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Selamat Datang Mahasiswa Baru Mayor PPN SPs IPB

Salam Sejahtera,

Akhir Agustus 2008 ini, Mayor/PS Pascasarjana Ilmu Penyuluhan Pembangunan kembali menerima mahasiswa baru, yakni tiga orang mahasiswa program doktoral dan sebelas orang mahasiswa program S2. Mahasiswa program doktoral: Erwiantono, Tanti Kustiari, dan Bambang Uripno. Mahasiswa program magister: Idha Farida, Dewi Kurniawati, Asih Mulyaningsih, Asmar Hi Daud, Harzon, Sudarko,Indiyah Huditani, Patih Magawanda Gulam, Fauziah Yulia Adriyani, Yusriadi, dan Fatimah Tuharea. Selamat menempuh studi pada program mayor PPN, hanya dengan ketekunan, keterbukaan, kejujuran, solidaritas, dan semangat untuk mengembangkan diri dalam memperdalam dan mengembangkan "ilmu tentang pengembangan perilaku manusia yang bermutu melalui komunikasi yang konvergen dalam sistem pendidikan non formal secara berkesinambungan" maka kami yakin, Bapak/Ibu akan berhasil dalam studi di PPN ini.

Pertemuan antara mahasiswa dengan koordinator - wakil koordinator dan staf penunjang Mayor/PS PPN telah dilangsungkan pada hari Selasa 26 Agustus 2008. Pertemuan diawali dengan perkenalan masing-masing mahasiswa dan pengelola mayor, setelah itu, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan singkat tentang perkuliahan di Mayor PPN. Penyelenggaraan sistem mayor minor untuk program pascasarjana baru dua tahun, dan tentunya dalam penyelenggaraannya senantiasa diperlukan perbaikan-perbaikan. Perbaikan dimaksudkan untuk senantiasa menjamin mutu penyelenggaraan proses pendidikan di Mayor PPN khususnya, dan di IPB pada umumnya. Kurikulum pendidikan di Mayor PPN akan senantiasa dicermati dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan "pelanggan" dan tetap mengedepankan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran orang dewasa dan berorientasi mutu.

Selanjutnya perkuliahan telah dimulai sejak awal September 2008. Untuk meningkatkan silaturahim antara staf pengajar, mahasiswa lama, mahasiswa baru, serta staf penunjang di Mayor/PS PPN, dilakukan acara buka bersama pada tanggal 16 September 2008, bertempat di Pusat Studi Pembangunan Pertanian dan Pedesaan, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Kampus IPB Br Siang. Acara tersebut dihela oleh Mahasiswa PPN dengan Ketua Panita adalah Bp. Moh. Iqbal Bahua, didukung segenap mahasiswa lama dan baru. Pengelola Mayor PPN berperan dalam "hing madya mbangun karsa dan tut wuri handayani, dan mensupport sebagian dana untuk acara tersebut. Acara dibuka oleh Ketua Panitia (Ir. Moh. Iqbal Bahua, MSi), dilanjutkan dengan sambutan oleh Koordinator Mayor (Dr. Ir. Siti Amanah, M.Sc.). Sebagai pencerahan, tausyiah diberikan oleh Bp. Moh. Nur Sangaji, dan ditutup dengan doa oleh Bp. Dr. Ir. Pudji Muljono< M.Si.

Melalui acara informal tersebut antar pihak dapat saling mengenal dan mencoba mengembangkan hubungan antar generasi mahasiswa. Sudah menjadi tradisi di PS PPN, mahasiswa dan didukung staf pengajar sebagai Steering Committee untuk aktif menyelenggarakan acara seminar-lokakarya, halal bi halal, dan kegiatan ilmiah-populer lainnya.

Tanpa komunikasi interaktif, saya yakin sulit untuk mewujudkan proses pembelajaran yang bermakna bagi semua pihak. Pada masa awal semester ini, pasti merupakan masa-masa adaptasi bagi mahasiswa baru. Untuk itu strategi adaptasi terhadap lingkungan baru perlu dikembangkan, dengan kemauan untuk membuka diri dalam belajar, berperilaku yang sesuai dengan norma-norma dan nilai-nilai di IPB, dan mengembangkan sikap disiplin antara lain dalam manajemen diri dan mengelola waktu dengan cermat.

Tak lupa seiring dengan penghujung Ramadhan ini, saya dan segenap pengelola Mayor PPN SPs IPB (home base: Dept. Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, FEMA, IPB) menyampaikan: "Selamat Iedul Fitri 1429 H, Taqabballaahu Minnaa Wa Minkum, Mohon Maaf Lahir dan Batin". Teriring harapan, agar kita dapat menemui Ramadhan di tahun mendatang dengan amalan yang lebih baik lagi. Amin.

Salam,

Siti Amanah

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Menjelang Semester Gasal 2008/2009

Salam sejahtera
Apa kabar CI VA PS/Mayor PPN dimana pun berada? Pada kesempatan ini, izinkan saya menyampaikan selamat pada Mahasiswa yang telah menempuh ujian akhir semester, ujian tesis, dan disertasi. Apa pun hasilnya, itulah pencapaian yang mampu diraih hingga titik itu. Nilai akhir mata kuliah merupakan salah satu ukuran, dan tentu masih banyak lagi ukuran-ukuran yang ada di luar bangku kuliah, termasuk sikap dan perilaku kita. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sikap dan perilaku seseorang sangat menentukan 'diterima - tidaknya seseorang dalam suatu sistem sosial'

Bekaitan dengan hal di atas, penyuluhan mesti dimaknai secara tepat. Masyarakat awam umumnya menyamakan penyuluhan dengan penerangan. Pembicaraan tentang hal ini sebenarnya sudah "old fashioned" karena berkali-kali harus dijelaskan di berbagai forum, bahwa penyuluhan merupakan suatu upaya transformasi perilaku manusia melalui pendekatan pendidikan non formal dan melibatkan proses komunikasi interaktif dan partisipatif untuk turut membantu mewujudkan tata kehidupan manusia yang lebih adil, beradab, dan bermartabat. Bahwa penyuluhan terkesan bermakna pencerahan pun tak perlu dipungkiri, mengingat pada abad ke -18 dahulu, istilah extension digunakan untuk merujuk pada upaya perguruan tinggi untuk turut meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat sekitar, terutama dalam memberantas buta huruf.

Implementasi penyuluhan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemerintah yang berkuasa. Di Indonesia, pada zaman Belanda, penyuluhan diibaratkan obor, yang menyiratkan ada yang diterangi dan ada yang berperan sebagai penerang. Tentu, jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi terkini, pemaknaan semacam ini perlu direkonstruksi lagi. Bahwa pencerahan sangat diperlukan seperti pada kasus penderita ketergantungan obat, namun "penyadaran" merupakan istilah yang lebih tepat, ketimbang hanya pencerahan yang umumnya berlaku di "permukaan". Terdapat beragam pendekatan dalam penyuluhan, dan tentu dapat dipilih pendekatan yang relevan dengan kondisi, situasi, dan permasalahan yang dihadapi komunitas.

Dahulu di tahun 1980-an, teori adopsi inovasi sangat populer, meski menuai kritik dari berbagai pihak, terutama dalam mengkategorikasn para penerap inovasi. Kemudian tahun 1990-an pendekatan People Centred Development sangat mengemuka dan pendekatan ini terintegrasi dalam pendekatan penyuluhan di berbagai negara. Di Indonesia pada masa tersebut 1990-an, sistem LAKU merupakan andalan, dan kemudian berkembang pula SLPHT dst. Kemudian di tahun 2000-an, sejalan dengan gema desentralisasi pemerintahan, penyuluhan terlupakan - karena hasilnya tidak secara instan dinikmati. Pada 11 Juni 2005, saat digaungkan Revitalisasi Pertanian, Perikanan, dan Kehutanan, kita terhenyak, karena penyuluhan hampir di sebagian daerah Indonesia melemah, terutama dari sisi kelembagaan, personil, dan programnya. Masih banyak Pekerjaan Rumah yang harus dituntaskan, hanya dengan tekad, aksi nyata/kemampuan membangun manusia yang handal, kerja sama, kekompakan (dalam hal-hal yang benar tentunya) maka Indonesia bisa kembali berjaya, terutama di sektor primer.

Untuk mahasiswa yang berlibur, untuk diingat bahwa kuliah Semester Gasal 2008/2009 akan dimulai 25 Agustus 2008, silakan merancang rencana belajar yang mantap, agar dapat lulus tepat waktu. Sebagai info awal, rencananya akan diselenggarakan bedah buku tentang rural communication di akhir Agustus oleh Siti Amanah, semoga Mahasiswa PS/Mayor PPN bisa hadir. Tak lupa, selagi di daerah asal, diharap mahasiswa PS PPN agar senantiasa pula mengikuti berita-berita kampus di web site ipb.

Sampai jumpa,

Siti Amanah

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AKHIR SEMESTER GENAP 2007/2008

Salam Sejahtera,

Sudah sebulan lebih blog tidak terisi oleh posting dari pengelola blog. Koordinator Mayor dan pengelola PS PPN lainnya tengah konsentrasi dengan ujian kualifikasi kandidat doktor PS PPN dan penulisan naskah akreditasi PS PPN. Selama bulan Juni telah diselenggarakan tiga agenda penting di PS PPN yaitu: (i) Rapat Staf, (ii) Ujian kualifikasi Mahasiswa PS PPN Program Doktor (dulu disebut Prelim), dan (iii) Dialog Mahasiswa PS/Mayor PPN dan Pengelola PS/Mayor.

Dari ketiga agenda tsb ada beberapa hal yang perlu diinformasikan melalui media blog ini:
(1) Rapat Staf PPN menghasilkan komitmen untuk senantiasa menjaga mutu lulusan PS PPN melalui (a) peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran di keseluruhan proses (Plan - Do - Check - Action), artinya saringan akan dilakukan semenjak mahasiswa melamar-hingga kelulusan, meningkatkan intensitas pembimbingan tugas akhir, dan melakukan evaluasi proses belajar mengajar setiap mata kuliah di akhir perkuliahan tiap semesternya. Buku-buku/literatur mahasiswa dapat diakses selain di LSI (perpustakaan IPB), dapat pula ditelusuri melalui ruang baca di Dep KPM FEMA IPB. Selain itu, disepakati bahwa mahasiswa PPN wajib mengirim artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian ke Jurnal Penyuluhan dan artikel akan melalui proses review oleh Tim Pakar/Review sebelum artikel dimuat. Kepada pembaca blog yang berminat untuk mengirim naskah ilmiah hasil penelitian terkait perilaku manusia, pendidikan non formal, komunikasi pembangunan, dan topik terkait dengan pemberdayaan/pembangunan manusia dapat mengirim naskahnya via email ke: mayorppn@yahoo.com atau mayorpenyuluhan@gmail.com Adapun tata cara penulisan sudah dimuat dalam posting terdahulu di blog ini.

(2) Ujian kualifikasi mahasiswa PS PPN berfokus pada penilaian kandidat doktor akan kesiapan menempuh proses lanjut dalam menempuh pendidikan di PS PPN, sekaligus menilai penguasaan ilmu penyuluhan pembangunan secara holistik termasuk filosofi penyuluhan, aspek teori dan praktek, penguasaan metodologi penelitian, penguasaan materi tentang perencanaan dan evaluasi program penyuluhan, dan kemampuan berpikir secara sistemik, logis dan rasional. Selain hal tersebut, aspek kematangan pribadi (soft skills) juga menjadi indikator penilaian. Berdasarkan penilaian sementara, ada hal-hal yang perlu menjadi fokus perhatian, yakni mahasiswa tetap harus mengembangkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh akan esensi ilmu penyuluhan pembangunan, keunikannya, dan posisinya di dalam dimensi Ilmu Sosial. Hal ini penting untuk dicapai sebagai calon doktor di bidang ilmu penyuluhan pembangunan, terlebih lagi dalam mendalami paradigma penyuluhan yang beragam dari waktu ke waktu berkaitan dengan pola peradaban masyarakat pada masa tertentu.

(3) Dialog mahasiswa PS PPN dengan Pengelola PS/Mayor PPN telah dilaksanakan pada Jumat 27 Juni 2008. Dialog di awal dan akhir semester akan senantiasa menjadi tradisi di PS PPN. Melalui dialog, kedua belah pihak yakni mahasiswa dan pengelola akan memperoleh informasi, masukan, dan saran bagi perbaikan kinerja masing-masing pihak. Mahasiswa memperoleh gambaran tentang hal-hal yang perlu ditempuh, sekaligus berkonsultasi akan persoalan yang dihadapi selama kuliah dan pembimbingan. Pengelola PS memperoleh informasi, keluhan, dan saran bagi perbaikan proses pembelajaran di masa mendatang. Dialog sekaligus membahas rencana ke depan yakni Semester Ganjil 2008/2009. Rencana rutin tiap tahun adalah Silaturahmi antar angkatan dan dalam tahun 2008 ini, mahasiswa angkatan 2007 akan menjadi penyelenggara didukung oleh mahasiswa tahun sebelumnya. Mekanisme demokrasi pun dicoba diterapkan dalam menyusun formatur. Mudah-mudahan dapat menjadi pelajaran hidup yang bermakna bagi mahasiswa PS PPN.

Itu dulu yang dapat saya sampaikan. Tak lupa selamat berlibur, selamat berkumpul dengan keluarga terutama bagi mahasiswa rantau dan selalu "keep in touch," artinya jangan lupa melakukan registrasi, merancang rencana belajar untuk semester depan dst. Sebagai informasi email Sekretariat PPN: mayorppn@yahoo.com

Sampai jumpa,

Siti Amanah
Ka PS/Ko Mayor PS PPN

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HARKITNAS 2008

Perjuangan Bangsa Belum Berhenti,
Seratus tahun sudah Semangat Kebangkitan Nasional yang digemakan melalui Perkumpulan Budi Utomo. Di tahun 2008 ini, banyak agenda kegiatan yang diselenggarakan atas nama Kebangkitan Bangsa. Ada agenda yang skalanya lokal, sampai nasional. Bila dicermati, sebenarnya tidak harus sampai menunggu peringatan tersebut, jika kita ingin maju. Kapan pun bisa, asalkan ada kesadaran, kemauan, dan kemampuan untuk maju dan memajukan segenap elemen bangsa ini. Prinsipnya setiap elemen bangsa, mulai dari level individu hingga masyarakat luas memiliki komitmen, kejujuran, kerja sama, kemitraan, kesatupaduan gerak, kepercayaan, kesantunan, dan kecerdasan (smart) untuk membangun peradaban bangsa yang lebih maju.

Berkaca pada sifat-sifat yang unggul pada nabi, seperti benar (shiddiq), bisa dipercaya (amanah), menyampaikan pesan (tabligh), dan cerdik (fathonah), ternyata karakteristik itulah yang menjadi kunci sukses seseorang/individu. Pun, sudah semestinya kita mampu mencapai sifat-sifat tersebut. Terlebih lagi, apabila keempat sifat tersebut dimiliki oleh pemimpin baik pemimpin dalam keluarga, pemimpin di dunia kerja, mau pun pemimpin anak bangsa, akan lebih mudah untuk membangun bangsa ini. Pemimpin merupakan teladan bagi pengikutnya, pun setiap individu merupakan pemimpin bagi dirinya. Pemimpin yang berjiwa unggul seperti di atas yang kiranya dapat betul-betul membantu menghantar pada perubahan yang lebih baik. Tentu legitimasi oleh pengikut (yang mampu mengendalikan diri), dan berpartisipasi dalam seluruh proses untuk mewujudkan tujuan mutlak diperlukan.

Tak bisa dipungkiri, manusia sebagai makhluk yang paling mulia diciptakan oleh Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa, memiliki kemampuan yang handal dalam mengembangkan daya pikir, daya kreativitas, daya inovatif, daya imajinatif, dan berbagai jenis daya lainnya. Pertanyaannya, sejauh mana daya-daya itu telah dioptimalkan oleh kita sebagai bangsa yang kaya sumber daya alam, sehingga mampu membangun bangsa ini menjadi lebih maju, baik secara fisik mau pun non fisik. Sebagai gambaran, bisa disebutkan, tanpa para penemu beragam teknologi dengan daya pikir-daya juangnya, tak mungkinlah kita dapat menikmati dunia yang sangat nyaman ini, ada listrik, air bersih, telepon, pesawat udara, internet, dan banyak lagi. Antar orang, bisa bertukar data dan informasi via dunia maya, kita bisa melihat jendela dunia hanya dengan beberapa kali klik tombol key board.

Bagaimana dengan kondisi bangsa Indonesia, saat ini. Sudah betul-betul bangkitkah? Jawabnya akan sangat bervariasi, dan semoga momen 100 tahun kebangkitan bangsa, bukan semata menjadi sekedar tonggak sejarah yang tanpa makna, namun betul-betul menjadi pelumas, bagi gejala kondisi sosial masyarakat yang masih belajar demokrasi, menggejalanya budaya "instan", individualistik, dan rentan konflik.

Dengan semangat transformasi perilaku, mari kita lebih berfokus untuk menggarap perubahan perilaku - dimulai dari diri sendiri. Setidaknya, ketika menghirup udara esok pagi ketika matahari yang tak kenal lelah memancarkan sinarnya, maka kita pun harus bergegas belajar, berdisiplin, berkarya, berinovasi, dan berkreasi melalui perubahan dalam berpkir, bersikap dan bertindak - untuk kebaikan di masa kini dan masa depan.

Selamat berkarya,

Siti Amanah

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Konsep Belajar Orang Dewasa

Rumusan Pengertian Pendidikan Orang Dewasa (POD)

Ada beberapa konsep dari beberapa tokoh yang mengembangkan pemahaman tentang Pendidikan Orang Dewasa, berturut-turut dapat dikemukakan sebagai berikut :

Konsep Sherman B. Sheffield

Dalam pemikirannya Shefield mengemukakan lima Orientasi belajar Orang Dewasa
1. Orientasi belajar: menutut ilmu untuk diri sendiri.
2. Orientasi tujuan pribadi: Orang dewasa menuntut pendidikan karena profesi, pekerjaan, kompetensi jabatan dan motivasi ekonomi
3. Orientasi Tujuan msyarakat: Orang dewasa mengikuti proses pendidikan karena keperdulian kepada masyarakat (mau menjadi warga negara yang baik, memahami problem masyarakat, memberi kontribusi kepada kebaikan bersama.
4. Orientasi untuk bersosialisasi: Tuntutan pendidikan karena ingin menemukan hubungan sosial yang baik bagi pribadi dan lingkungan, bersahabat, berkelompok dll.
5. Orientasi pemenuhan kebutuhan: Orientasi yang menitikberatkan tuntutan pendidikan karena ingin memenuhi kepuasan pada lingkungan di mana mereka belajar (menghindari kebosanan, mengatasi frustrasi, kebutuhan ingin diterima orang lain dsb.)

Konsep Margaret Mead.

Tokoh ini memberi pemikiran tentang lateral transmission. Konsep ini menganggap klasifikasi pendidikan berdasarkan umur tidak relevan. Tetapi pada Lateral Transmission, Mead mengemukakan bahwa suatu proses pendidikan menitik beratkan pada berbagi pengetahuan yakni pada mereka yang telah mengetahui kepada mereka yang belum tahu. Belajar adalah merangsang rasa ingin tahu. Dalam memfasilitasi transmisi lateral, pendidikan dapat dibagi dengan primary education (pendidikan dasar) dan secondary education (pengembangan dari pendidikan dasar).

Konsep Lindeman

Tokoh ini mengemukakan bahwa Pendidikan sebagai lingkaran setan yang tak berujung. Pendidikan orang dewasa dapat dicirikan dengan:
Berlangsung seumur hidup. pendidikan adalah kehidupan itu sendiri
Pendidikan merupakan suatu lingkaran yang berdaur. Pendidikan formal merupakan terminal. Pendekatannya berdasar situasi dan kebutuhan dan minat warga belajar Pendidikan berbasis pada pengamalan belajar . Pendidikan adalah kehidupan dan kehidupan adalah pendidikan.

Konsep Roberd D.Boyd

Pemikiran Boyd menekankan pada sudut pandang psikologi yakni kematangan (maturity), kemandirian (independensi) warga belajar.
Orang dewasa adalah pribadi yang matang dan independen, dan telah mengalami beberapa tahapan proses psikologis tertentu, berbeda dengan anak-anak. Ia tidak lagi mengidentifikasi diri seperti orang diluar dirinya. Mereka telah memiliki standar sendiri, memiliki pengalaman dan butuh penghargaan. Materi pelajaran harus sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.
Beberdasarkan beberapa pendapat diatas penulis berkesimpulan bahwa pendidikan orang dewasa (POD) dapat dirumuskan dalam beberapa sudut pandang antara lain:
1. Waktu: berlangsung kapan saja, sepanjang hidup, setelah matang atau dewasa dengan mandiri atau independen
2. Tempat: dimana saja, tidak diikat oleh ruang tetentu dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan .
3. Tujuan: sesuai orientasi belajar dari warga belajar tersebut
4. Materi pelajaran: apa saja sesuai dengan kebutuhan warga belajar
5. Aktifitas belajar: disesuaikan dengan pengalaman warga belajar
6. Pendidik: bukan guru tetapi fasilitator yang memahami karakter, filsafat kerja dan keinginan membantu warga belajar
7. Metode: demokratis, terbuka, saling menghargai dan berbagi pengalaman.

Penulis: Syafruddin

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Quality Assurance

Apa kabar ci-va PPN - how do you do? Sudah sekian lama blog tidak terisi, mudah-mudahan isi kali ini dapat menggugah semangat ci - va PPN untuk senantiasa berkreasi, berinovasi, dan mengembangkan diri menjadi pribadi teladan - bagi diri sendiri, keluarga, masyarakat, dan bagi masa depan. Seperti kata pepatah: harimau mati meninggalkan belang, manusia mati meninggalkan nama. (dalam ajaran Islam, manusia yang meninggal, ada tiga hal yang akan terus mengalir sebagai amal yang tak terputus, yaitu ilmu yang diajarkan, amal jariyah, dan doa anak yang shalih). Minimal sebagai guru/dosen, sudah ada tabungan untuk hari depan, yakni ilmu yang diajarkan. Lalu bagaimana yang bukan dosen, pun jangan berkecil hati, karena ilmu tentu bukan hanya dalam konteks sekolahan, ilmu dapat kita maknai pula sebagai sesuatu pengetahuan yang membantu penyelesaian masalah, strategi untuk meringankan hidup manusia, seperti ilmu untuk mengelola potensi diri, membangun kebijakan yang arif, ilmu tentang mengelola keuangan rumah tangga, bahkan sampai pengetahuan tentang memasak jantung pisang agar tidak pahit - bisa kita sampaikan atau berbagi ilmu pada orang yang membutuhkan.

Untuk tidak berpanjang kata, pada kesempatan ini, tulisan yang saya posting berkisar mutu belajar, silakan disimak.

Abstract

This article discusses on how to promote better quality in the learning-teaching process in development extension study program. The process, as we've already known, to simplify, consists of at least three segments, so called: input, learning process, and output. Sometimes, the problems occur on all segments, but at the other time, we find that the better learning process, the better students achievement will we get. Of course, the whole system should be improved to achieve better learning output. The article suggests that, students, lecturers, and administrative staffs are able to work together to maintain learning process and continuing the high level of quality education.

Isi tulisan
Dalam proses belajar mengajar dan atau pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi, kita sepenuhnya menyadari bahwa setiap individu memiliki potensi, pengalaman belajar, kebutuhan, harapan, dan minat belajar yang unik dan bervariasi. Dengan demikian, metode pembelajaran pun semestinya dirancang beragam, inovatif, inspiring, dan mampu menggugah partisipan belajar untuk mengeluarkan potensinya. Sebagaimana tercermin dalam kata education (educare-dalam bahasa latinnya), yang secara harfiah berarti keluarkan potensi.

Lalu, apa jadinya jika belajar hanya searah, cenderung menafikan hal di atas. Proses belajar menjadi kurang menarik, monoton, membosankan, seperti menuang air dari teko ke cangkir, top down, terlalu berorientasi pada materi dan menegasikan proses. Pertanyaan berikutnya adalah, sejauh mana pendidikan tinggi menjamin mutu partisipan/mahasiswa-nya yang pada saatnya kelak menjadi sarjana, lulus program magister, dan lulus sebagai doktor.

Beberapa keluhan yang diungkap para pelanggan primer lulusan perguruan tinggi adalah, bahwa ternyata lulusannya tidak memiliki kualifikasi sebagaimana dibutuhkan pengguna. Dalam hal ini, tampak bahwa para lulusan hampir seluruhnya bukan siap bekerja, tetapi siap dilatih. Apa artinya ini? Proses pembelajaran belum mampu mengasah potensi mahasiswa, dan kurikulum belum sepenuhnya dirancang untuk membangun kompetensi yang harus dicapai mahasiswa. Pembelajaran belum sepenuhnya membekali partisipan belajar dengan personal skills, interpersonal skills, life skills, dan vocational skills. Kurikulum masih sarat dengan penerapan pendekatan teacher centred, dan terkadang menganggap bahwa partisipan harus dibekali sekian banyak materi, yang sebenarnya belum tentu mampu membuat partisipan belajar handal di bidang yang ditekuninya. Hal ini merupakan salah satu atribut yang membuat jaminan mutu pendidikan tinggi - dipertanyakan-

Beberapa pemikiran yang dapat disumbang untuk membangun mutu pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi, dan sebenarnya sudah sering didiskusikan dalam forum rapat staf pengajar PPN adalah (i) menjaga mutu input - dari sisi mahasiswa, pengajar, bahan ajar, sarana-prasarana- sampai pada dukungan kebijakan pendidikan, (ii) menjamin terselenggaranya proses pembelajaran (kuliah-pembimbingan- seminar hingga ujian) yang bermutu, dan (iii) menjaga hubungan dengan berbagai mitra baik pemerintah mau pun swasta dan masyarakat luas secara berkesinambungan dalam tata hubungan yang harmonis, egaliter, dan tidak mengikat.

Sejalan dengan itu guna membangun mutu pembelajaran yang tinggi di PS/Mayor PPN, sokongan dari mahasiswa, staf pengajar, dan penunjang sangat diperlukan, diantaranya dalam bentuk kesungguhan belajar mahasiswa dan senantiasa mengembangkan diri, membangun komitmen antar sesama, dan aktif dalam forum ilmiah, serta turut berkontribusi dalam upaya pengembangan masyarakat sebagai salah satu bentuk pengejawantahan keilmuan penyuluhan. Dari sisi dosen, diharapkan dapat senantiasa menjamin suasana akademik yang kondusif, obyektif, dan mampu menjadi partner, advisor, konsultan, dan guru bagi mahasiswa sehingga proses pembimbingan bermakna dan dapat menghantar mahasiswa mewujudkan karya tesis dan disertasi yang berkualitas. Dari sisi tenaga penunjang, tanpa jiwa kepelayanan prima, sulit PPN akan berkembang seperti yang kita harapkan. Semoga jiwa tersebut tidak hanya ada di tenaga penunjang, tapi juga ada pada mahasiswa dan dosen, sehingga dengan sinergisitas, saling asah-asuh-asih kita dapat menjadikan masa studi di IPB, khususnya di PS/Mayor PPN SPs IPB sebagai masa emas bagi pengembangan pribadi, profesionalitas, dan kemampuan sebagai pengantar perubahan (transformer - agent of change) yang handal.

Dipahami, bahwa untuk menjamin mutu proses belajar-mengajar, tidak hanya ditentukan oleh hal-hal di atas. Setidaknya, setiap orang bisa memulai dari aspek termudah yang dapat diubah, seperti dari membangun kebiasaan membaca literatur, membiasakan menulis, sampai mengubah karakter, yang kita yakini adalah hal yang paling sulit diubah.

Terima kasih sudah melongok ke blog ini.

Salam damai,
St. Amanah

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New Approach to Agricultural Extension

"NEW APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION[1]


ABSTRACT

People in this world continue to depend on some form of agricultural production for a livelihood, at the same time, extension play an important role in agricultural development. In most developing countries agricultural extension is utilised a fundamental instrument of agricultural development, however, in some cases, the extension practises indicated some missleading from the original paradigms and philosopphy of extension. Extension is aimed at situation improvement for the whole stakeholders through paticipatory approaches, whereas the dominant model of practice among extension services in developing countries is the technology innovation transfer model with its key concepts, that includes adoption, diffusion, research-extension linkages, results demonstration, agricultural knowledge systems, progressive farmers, and so on. Thus, the image of extension is top down process, linier, and little participation from the clients. The critical comment on the linier extension approach has begun for more than twenty years to suggest a relevant alternative so called extension approaches that focuses on empowering local people to be autonomous, self-resilience, creative, innovative, and have authority to choose best alternative solution based on their needs and situation.

[1] Full paper was presented on The International Congress and Symposium on Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences, 6-8 November 2000, in Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.

Bagi Mahasiswa PPN atau pun peminat atas paper tersebut, silakan mengisi "comments" di bawah, untuk memperoleh naskah lengkapnya.

Salam,

Siti Amanah

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Artikel untuk Jurnal Penyuluhan Pembangunan

Kepada Bapak/Ibu Pengunjung Blog, Mahasiswa, Dosen, Peneliti, dan Praktisi serta peminat ilmu penyuluhan yang memiliki tulisan tentang hasil penelitian, pemikiran, dan resensi buku mengenai penyuluhan di berbagai dimensi, dapat mengirimkan naskahnya kepada:

Redaksi Jurnal Penyuluhan (ISSN:11858-2664)
PS/Mayor Ilmu Penyuluhan Pembangunan
Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor
Gedung Dep KPM FEMA Wing 1 Level 5 Jl Kamper IPB Dramaga
Telp. 0251627793, 420252 Fax. (0251) 627793
Bogor Kode Pos 16680

Naskah dengan format yang sudah ditentukan, bisa pula dikirim via email dg alamat: mayorppn@yahoo.com. Petunjuk penulisan dalam Jurnal Penyuluhan adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Naskah berupa hasil penelitian, kajian analitik, konsep, opini dan resensi buku bertema Penyuluhan Pembangunan. Seluruh naskah baik hasil penelitian, kajian analitis kritis, konsep, opini atau resensi buku belum pernah dipublikasikan di media lain, ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia atau bahasa Inggris, diketik 1,5 (satu setengah) spasi kecuali abstrak (satu spasi) pada kertas A4. jumlah halaman maksimum 10 halaman untuk makalah hasil penelitian telah termasuk tabel, grafik, dan gambar, 5-10 halaman untuk kajian analitis-kritis, konsep, dan opini, dan maksimal 5 halaman untuk resensi buku. Batas kiri 3 cm, kanan 2,5 cm dan bawah 2,5 cm); jenis huruf Times New Roman ukuran 12 point.
2. Makalah hasil penelitian secara rinci mencakup:
● Judul di tengah halaman, huruf kapital
● Nama penulis lengkap, tanpa gelar
● Abstrak ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia kurang lebih 50-100 kata.
● Keywords ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggris maksimal 5 deskriptor
● Pendahuluan (tanpa subjudul, meliputi latar belakang, masalah, tujuan, dan sedikit kajian teori)
● Metode penelitian
● Hasil dan pembahasan
● Kesimpulan dan saran
● Daftar pustaka (berisi pustaka yang dirujuk dalam uraian saja)
3. Tulisan kajian analitis-kritis, konsep, dan opini mencakup: (1) Judul, (2) Nama Penulis, (3) Abstrak, (4) Keywords, (4) Pendahuluan (tanpa subjudul), (6) Subjudul (sesuai kebutuhan), (7) Kesimpulan dan Saran, dan (8) Daftar pustaka, hanya mencantumkan pustaka yang dikutip, diurutkan secara alfabetis dan kronologis.
4. Resensi buku memuat: Topik atau judul buku yang diresensi bertemakan Penyuluhan Pembangunan. Paling lama diterbitkan 2 tahun yang lalu. Diketik satu setengah spasi pada kertas A4, maksimal 5 halaman. Disertai cover depan dan halaman content. Melampirkan biodata penulis.
5. Artikel diserahkan paling lambat dua bulan sebelum penerbitan rangkap tiga disertai soft file yang memuat naskah tersebut dalam file Microsoft Word.
6. Setiap naskah yang masuk dikaji oleh Tim Penyunting Ahli (Mitra Bestari) sesuai bidang kepakarannya. Jika diterima, naskah dapat diubah oleh tim penyunting tanpa mengubah esensi isinya.
7. Kepastian diterima atau penolakan artikel akan diberitahukan secara tertulis. Penulis yang artikelnya dimuat akan mendapat nomor bukti pemuatan sebanyak 5 (lima eksemplar). Artikel yang tidak dimuat tidak akan dikembalikan.

Informasi lebih lengkap baik tentang ketentuan naskah atau pun hal-hal lainnya, Bapak/Ibu/Sdr dapat menghubungi alamat di atas.

Kepada mahasiswa PPN yang telah menuntaskan draft tesis atau disertasinya, berdasarkan kesepakatan di program mayor, diwajibkan mengirim artikel ilmiahnya ke jurnal tersebut, sebagai salah satu bentuk diseminasi hasil riset. Seluruh naskah yang masuk, akan direview oleh Mitra Bestari sebelum dimuat.

Terima kasih.

Semoga Sukses,

Siti Amanah

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